The present review summarizes data pertaining to the composition and structure of the
carbohydrate moiety (core oligosaccharide) and lipid component (lipid A) of the various
forms of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), one of the major pathogenicity factors
ofYersinia pestis, the cause of plague. The review addresses the
functions and the biological significance of genes for the biosynthesis of LPS, as well as
the biological properties of LPS in strains from various intraspecies groups ofY.
pestis and their mutants, including the contribution of LPS to the resistance
of bacteria to factors of the innate immunity of both insect-vectors and mammal-hosts.
Special attention is paid to temperature-dependent variations in the LPS structure, their
genetic control and roles in the pathogenesis of plague. The evolutionary aspect is
considered based on a comparison of the structure and genetics of the LPS ofY.
pestis and other enteric bacteria, including otherYersinia
species. The prospects of development of live plague vaccines created on the
basis ofY. pestis strains with the genetically modified LPS are
discussed.