Corrigendum to “Biochemical and Biological Profile of Parotoid Secretion of the Amazonian<i> Rhinella marina</i> (Anura: Bufonidae)”

Medeiros, Daniel Sol Sol de; Rego, Tiago B; Santos, Ana Paula de Azevedo dos; Pontes, Adriana Silva; Moreira-Dill, Leandro S.; Matos, Najla Benevides; Zuliani, Juliana Pavan; Stábeli, Rodrigo G.; Teles, Carolina Bioni Garcia; Soares, Andreimar M.; Sperotto, Angelo Regis de Moura; Moura, Dinara Jaqueline; Saffi, Jenifer; Caldeira, Cleópatra Alves da Silva; Pimenta, Daniel C.; Calderon, Leonardo de Azevedo

doi:10.1155/2019/4209743

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In some frogs, specific anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) secreted from skin glands correlate with cutaneous bacteria ( Davis et al, 2017 ), and studies suggest that AMPs may have an important role in cutaneous bacterial assemblages ( Küng et al, 2014 ; Loudon et al, 2020 ). Although true toads in the family Bufonidae are not known to produce AMPs per se ( Conlon et al, 2009 ), secretions from toads’ skin glands contain diverse compounds, and those secreted by cane toads have antibacterial properties ( de Medeiros et al, 2019 ). In cane toads and closely related congeners, variation in parotoid gland secretion composition has a phylogenetic signal ( Maciel et al, 2006 , 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic variation in bacterial assemblages on cane toad skin is influenced more by local environments than by evolved changes in host traits

et al. 2023

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Bacterial assemblages on amphibian skin may play an important role in protecting hosts against infection. In hosts that occur over a range of environments, geographic variation in composition of bacterial assemblages might be due to direct effects of local factors and/or to evolved characteristics of the host. Invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) are an ideal candidate to evaluate environmental and genetic mechanisms, because toads have evolved major shifts in physiology, morphology, and behavior during their brief history in Australia. We used samples from free-ranging toads to quantify site-level differences in bacterial assemblages and a common-garden experiment to see if those differences disappeared when toads were raised under standardised conditions at one site. The large differences in bacterial communities on toads from different regions were not seen in offspring raised in a common environment. Relaxing bacterial clustering to operational taxonomic units in place of amplicon sequence variants likewise revealed high similarity among bacterial assemblages on toads in the common-garden study, and with free-ranging toads captured nearby. Thus, the marked geographic divergence in bacterial assemblages on wild-caught cane toads across their Australian invasion appears to result primarily from local environmental effects rather than evolved shifts in the host.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic variation in bacterial assemblages on cane toad skin is influenced more by local environments than by evolved changes in host traits

et al. 2023

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“…Research on the therapeutic potential of extracts and compounds isolated from true toads has intensified recently. Some studies support using secretions from bufonids in common treatments for bacterial diseases [ 32 ]. The water-soluble secretion of the parotid gland and the methanolic extract of the skin of the Sudanese toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus showed antibiotic activity against Bacillus cereus , Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Salmonella typhimurium , Staphylococcus aureus , and Staphylococcus epidermidis ; however, no action was found against methicillin-resistant S. aureus [ 33 ].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Activities Of Compounds From Toads’ Cutaneous ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Rhinella marina toad from the Brazilian Amazon has also been used to treat patients with erysipelas. Additionally, analysis of the crude extract and fractions of secretions from R. marina showed biological activity against S. aureus , P. aeruginosa , and E. coli [ 32 ]. In northeastern Brazil, the skin and fatty tissue of Rhinella jimi are used to treat some infections, such as, sore throat, flu, cough, and earache [ 13 ].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Activities Of Compounds From Toads’ Cutaneous ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Compounds from Skin Secretions of Species That Belong to the Bufonidae Family

Ibarra-Vega

Salazar-Monge

Zatarain-Palacios

et al. 2023

Toxins

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Skin secretions of toads are a complex mixture of molecules. The substances secreted comprise more than 80 different compounds that show diverse pharmacological activities. The compounds secreted through skin pores and parotid glands are of particular interest because they help toads to endure in habitats full of pathogenic microbes, i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, due to their content of components such as bufadienolides, alkaloids, and antimicrobial peptides. We carried out an extensive literature review of relevant articles published until November 2022 in ACS Publications, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. It was centered on research addressing the biological characterization of the compounds identified in the species of genera Atelopus, Bufo, Duttaphrynus, Melanophryniscus, Peltopryne, Phrynoidis, Rhaebo, and Rhinella, with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic activities; as well as studies performed with analogous compounds and skin secretions of toads that also showed these activities. This review shows that the compounds in the secretions of toads could be candidates for new drugs to treat infectious diseases or be used to develop new molecules with better properties from existing ones. Some compounds in this review showed activity against microorganisms of medical interest such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Coronavirus varieties, HIV, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania chagasi, Plasmodium falciparum, and against different kinds of fungi that affect plants of economic interest.

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“…Antimicrobial assays involving crude extracts of anuran venoms are commonly performed [ 119 ]. Assays to assess antiplasmodial activities using crude extracts of anuran venoms have already been performed for bufonids [ 98 , 120 ]. The crude extract of Rhinella marina venom is active against P. falciparum (IC 50 = 2.43 µg/mL) [ 120 ] and the venom of a bufonid (unspecified) showed good control of parasitemia against P. berghei [ 98 ].…”

Section: Antiplasmodial Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxins from Animal Venoms as a Potential Source of Antimalarials: A Comprehensive Review

Salimo

Barros

Adrião

et al. 2023

Toxins

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Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium spp. and it is mainly transmitted to humans by female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles. Malaria is an important global public health problem due to its high rates of morbidity and mortality. At present, drug therapies and vector control with insecticides are respectively the most commonly used methods for the treatment and control of malaria. However, several studies have shown the resistance of Plasmodium to drugs that are recommended for the treatment of malaria. In view of this, it is necessary to carry out studies to discover new antimalarial molecules as lead compounds for the development of new medicines. In this sense, in the last few decades, animal venoms have attracted attention as a potential source for new antimalarial molecules. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize animal venom toxins with antimalarial activity found in the literature. From this research, 50 isolated substances, 4 venom fractions and 7 venom extracts from animals such as anurans, spiders, scorpions, snakes, and bees were identified. These toxins act as inhibitors at different key points in the biological cycle of Plasmodium and may be important in the context of the resistance of Plasmodium to currently available antimalarial drugs.

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Corrigendum to “Biochemical and Biological Profile of Parotoid Secretion of the Amazonian Rhinella marina (Anura: Bufonidae)”

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Geographic variation in bacterial assemblages on cane toad skin is influenced more by local environments than by evolved changes in host traits

Geographic variation in bacterial assemblages on cane toad skin is influenced more by local environments than by evolved changes in host traits

Antimicrobial Compounds from Skin Secretions of Species That Belong to the Bufonidae Family

Toxins from Animal Venoms as a Potential Source of Antimalarials: A Comprehensive Review

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