Corrosion behavior of nickel‐containing alloys in artificial sweat

Abstract

The corrosion resistance of various nickel-containing alloys was measured in artificial sweat (perspiration) using the Tafel extrapolation method. It was found that Ni, CuNi 25 (coin alloy), NiAl (colored intermetallic compounds), WC + Ni (hard metal), white gold (jewelry alloy), FN42 and Nilo Alby K (controlled expansion alloys), and NiP (electroless nickel coating) are in an active state and dissolve readily in oxygenated artificial sweat. By contrast, austenitic stainless steels, TiC + Mo2C + Ni (hard metal), NiTi (shape-memory alloy), Hastelloy X (superalloy), Phydur (precipitation hardening alloy), PdNi and SnNi (nickel-containing coatings) are in a passive state but may pit under certain conditions. Cobalt, Cr, Ti, and some of their alloys were also investigated for the purpose of comparison. Cobalt and its alloys have poor corrosion resistance except for Stellite 20. Chromium and high-chromium ferritic stainless steels have a high pitting potential but the latter are susceptible to crevice corrosion. Ti has a pitting potential greater than 3 V. Comparison between the in vitro measurements of the corrosion rate of nickel-based alloys and the clinical observation of the occurrence of contact dermatitis is discussed.

Validated Gas Chromatographic–Negative Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometric Method for Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Sweat Patches

“…PharmChek sweat patches were supplied by PharmChem Incorporated. Artificial sweat solution was prepared to contain 327 mmol/L ammonium chloride, 166 mmol/L lactic acid, 83 mmol/L urea, 42 mmol/L acetic acid, and 34 mmol/L sodium chloride in water, and the pH was adjusted to 4.7 with 2 mol/L sodium hydroxide (25 ).…”

Corrosion Behaviour of Metals in Artificial Sweat~!2010-01-04~!2010-02-25~!2010-05-06~!

“…Cobalt and its alloys have poor corrosion resistance except for Stellite 20. Chromium and high-chromium ferritic stainless steels have a high pitting potential but the latter are susceptible to crevice corrosion [6].…”

Characterization of exposures among cemented tungsten carbide workers. Part II: Assessment of surface contamination and skin exposures to cobalt, chromium and nickel

“…Upon contact with skin, cobalt (Scansetti et al, 1994;Linnainmaa and Kiilunen, 1997) and nickel (Hemingway and Molokhia, 1987;Randin, 1988;Morgan and Flint, 1989;Haudrechy et al, 1993;Chiba et al, 1997) may become solubilized in sweat and subsequently pass into and through the skin (Linnainmaa and Kiilunen, 1997;Filon et al, 2004;Larese et al, 2007). Both cobalt and nickel ions may interact with immunologically active layers of the skin and upregulate endothelial adhesion molecules; such upregulation may represent a mechanism that promotes sensitization and elicitation of contact hypersensitivity involving antigen-specific Langerhans-and T-cell-dependent events (Goebeler et al, 1993(Goebeler et al, , 1995.…”