Corrosion in Liquid Cooling Systems with Water-Based Coolant – Part 1: Flow Loop Design for Reliability Tests

Kini, Girish; Kim, Choong-Un; Madanipour, Hossein; Chang, Je-Young; Saha, Amitesh; Antoniswamy, Aravindha R.; Klein, Iolanda; Jorgensen, Michael; Ha, Minseok; Wondimu, Berhanu; Kulkarni, Dev

doi:10.1109/itherm45881.2020.9190607

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, it is well‐known that copper is susceptible to oxide even under atmospheric temperature. Moreover, the long‐term reliability of the liquid cold plate deserves attention, especially the corrosion caused by water‐based coolant 144,145 . Apart from providing freeze protection for transportation, especially the data centers in cold climates and regions, inhibitory propylene glycol‐based liquids of 25 vol% or higher had the advantage of corrosion protection and antibacterial effect for the liquid cold plate.…”

Section: Manufacture and Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the long-term reliability of the liquid cold plate deserves attention, especially the corrosion caused by water-based coolant. 144,145 Apart from providing freeze protection for transportation, especially the data centers in cold climates and regions, inhibitory propylene glycol-based liquids of 25 vol% or higher had the advantage of corrosion protection and antibacterial effect for the liquid cold plate. Shia et al 146 carried out a thorough study for liquid cold plate corrosion with inhibited propylene glycol/ water.…”

Section: Manufacture and Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Research progress of the liquid cold plate cooling technology for server electronic chips: A review

Zhou

Dong

Sun

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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A significant quantity of research has been dedicated to the application of liquid cold plates to eliminate the high heat flux in server electronic chips. Traditional parallel straight microchannel liquid cold plates suffer from low heat flux density with uneven flow distribution, which poses a serious challenge to high-performance server chip heat dissipation. This paper reviews recent research progress in geometry optimization, interrupted structures, channel patterns, and two-phase flow of liquid cold plates. The optimal geometry parameters of rectangular cross-sectional microchannels including the aspect ratio, length, and hydraulic diameter are summarized. Inquest of higher thermal performance, various interrupted structures (ribs, pin fins, etc.), special channel patterns (wavy-shaped, zigzag-shaped, fractal, serpentine, and doublelayered microchannels, etc.), and two-phase flow on the liquid cold plate are applied to promote fluid-turbulivity and increase heat transfer area, meanwhile they lead to more pressure drop. Furthermore, it is an essential approach to commercialize liquid cold plates by applying the academic and prototype of the liquid cold plate to manufacturing and liquid cooling system solutions. In the end, this review provides a discussion about the limitations of current research on liquid cold plates and an outlook on future research directions.

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Section: Manufacture and Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Manufacture and Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress of the liquid cold plate cooling technology for server electronic chips: A review

Zhou

Dong

Sun

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Liquid cooling of data centers: A necessity facing challenges

Azarifar,

Arik,

Chang

2024

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Ethylene Glycol-water Based Graphene Oxide Nanofluid as Corrosion Inhibitor in Automotive Radiator

Habibi,

Saifudin,

Fatoni

et al. 2024

E3S Web Conf.

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A rapid cooling process is essential to maintain an optimal working temperature in a vehicle, which directly impacts its efficiency. Corrosion is a persistent and inevitable damage in cooling systems that use water-based fluids. The current challenge is to explore water-based fluids that not only exhibit excellent corrosion resistance but also possess superior heat conduction properties to improve vehicle efficiency. This study investigated the incorporation of Graphene Oxide, renowned for its corrosion inhibition properties, into ethylene glycol/water solution to assess its protective efficacy on Al6061 material. A series of analytical methods, including Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES), pH, conductivity, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and polarization techniques, are used to evaluate the corrosion inhibition performance of graphene oxide at various concentrations and under different ambient temperatures. The results showed a decrease in pH value and conductivity with increasing concentration of graphene oxide. FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of a protective layer on the surface of Al6061. Corrosion rate assessment was performed on Al6061 samples immersed in ethylene glycol/water mixture with graphene oxide concentrations of 0, 0.03%, 0.05%, and 0.10%. There was a significant decrease in corrosion rate with the addition of graphene oxide to the cooling system: at 30°C, the rate decreased to 4.620, 3.308, 2.565, and 1.006 mpy; at 40°C, up to 4,728, 2,541, 1,503, and 1,270 mpy; and at 50°C, up to 5.629, 1.146, 2.947, and 1.441 mpy, corresponding graphene oxide concentrations of 0.03%, 0.05%, and 0.1%, respectively. Experimental data confirmed that graphene oxide effectively reduces the corrosion rate of Al6061 in ethylene glycol/water mixtures. The study concluded that the use of graphene oxide as a corrosion inhibitor markedly improved the resistance and performance of Al6061 in ethylene glycol/water, with graphene oxide contributing to this protective mechanism through the process of physisorption.

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Corrosion in Liquid Cooling Systems with Water-Based Coolant – Part 1: Flow Loop Design for Reliability Tests

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Research progress of the liquid cold plate cooling technology for server electronic chips: A review

Research progress of the liquid cold plate cooling technology for server electronic chips: A review

Liquid cooling of data centers: A necessity facing challenges

Ethylene Glycol-water Based Graphene Oxide Nanofluid as Corrosion Inhibitor in Automotive Radiator

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