Corrosion Level of Rock Bolts Exposed to Aggressive Environments in Nordic Road Tunnels

Manquehual, Cristobal Javier; Jakobsen, Pål Drevland; Bruland, Amund

doi:10.1007/s00603-021-02547-3

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In fact, they strongly influence the bonding capacity of the anchoring system as well as the conduction of loads along the rock bolt length. As for the bolting material which is most often steel [72,114,115], the bolt shank is usually ribbed or smooth (Figures 6 and 7). The choice of ribbed or smooth bar depends especially on the geological conditions of host rocks.…”

Section: Bolting and Grouting Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Referring to Komurlu and Kesimal [127], the scratches caused by the installation of the bolts in the holes are also causes increasing their risk of corrosion. It is widely believed that in the event of corrosion, the strength and durability of rock bolts are greatly influenced and diminished [45,114,115,[128][129][130]. For example, as studied by Aziz et al [128], the strength of corroded rock bolts can drop sharply from 21% to 39% of their initial capacity.…”

Section: Rock Bolt Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Insight from Rock Bolts and Potential Factors Influencing Their Durability and the Long-Term Stability of Deep Rock Tunnels

2022

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Selecting and designing the most suitable support systems are crucial for securing underground openings, limiting their deformation and ensuring their long-term stability. Indeed, the rock excavations imposed by the erection of deep tunnels generate various harmful effects such as stress perturbation, damage, fractures, rockbursts, convergence deformation, and so on. To combat such effects by helping the surrounding rocks of these structures to hold up, rock bolts are typically utilized as pioneer support systems. However, the latter must be efficient and sustainable to properly fulfil their vital roles. A thorough understanding of the existing rock bolt types or models and the relevant factors influencing their failure is highly required for appropriate selection, design and applications. It is observed that, despite numerous studies carried out, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews concerning the advances in such rock support systems. This paper provides an insight into the most pertinent rock bolt types or models and describes the potential factors influencing their failure. Additionally, it discusses the durability of rock bolts, which has a huge impact on the long-term stability of deep rock tunnels. Furthermore, the paper highlights some proposals for future trends.

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Section: Bolting and Grouting Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rock Bolt Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Insight from Rock Bolts and Potential Factors Influencing Their Durability and the Long-Term Stability of Deep Rock Tunnels

2022

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“…From the corrosion of carbon steel structures in five road tunnels in Nordic countries, Manquehual et al [13] determined that the corrosivity levels of the tunnels fell within the range established for the extreme corrosivity level CX. Kreislova et al [14] concluded that the tunnel environment of the Mrazovka tunnel in Prague could be classified as moderate to harsh.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated corrosion test and field test of steel and zinc coupons at buffer areas and cross passages in a mass rapid transit tunnel

Goh

Tan

Gan

et al. 2023

Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology

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A study has been conducted to measure the distribution of temperature, relative humidity and corrosivity due to uniform corrosion along the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) North East Line (NEL) tunnel in Singapore. The corrosion rates of carbon steel 1010 and zinc coupons at the buffer areas of ten stations and five cross passages along the NEL were monitored over a period of one year. The median temperatures were between 31 and 36°C while the median relative humidity varied between 43 and 53%. At all exposure sites, the values of relative humidity corresponding to the 75th percentile values were below 60%, with very few data points registering above 80%. The cross passages showed a lower degree of fluctuations in the temperature and relative humidity compared to the buffer areas. The corrosivity levels showed some differences between exposure sites, but their values were generally low and could be categorised as C1 according to the ISO 9223:2012 categorisation. A set of procedures for an accelerated laboratory test to approximate the corrosion in the tunnel was also studied. The test procedures involved the exposure to a salt fog containing 0.12% Na 2 SO 4 + 0.05% NaCl, followed by a drying phase and subsequent exposure to a constant temperature of 40°C and a constant relative humidity of 60%. It was found that after exposure for 80 h, the accelerated tests were able to generate the degree of corrosion observed in the most severe conditions in the field.

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“…In addition to corrosion, metals may dissolve in water that is low in dissolved salts and high in specific ions, such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium [28]. Several instances of damage and corrosion in tunnels have been reported due to high levels of sulfate and acidic groundwater conditions, indicating the significance of water quality in maintaining the integrity of rock supports and concrete structures in tunnels [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lowari Tunnel Water Quality Evaluation: Implications for Tunnel Support, Potable Water Supply, and Irrigation in Northwestern Himalayas, Pakistan

et al. 2023

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Water ingress is a common and costly problem in tunnel construction, and understanding the hydrogeological characteristics of a site is crucial for mitigating its effects. This study presents a detailed analysis of the water ingress problems experienced during the construction and operation stages of the Lowari Tunnel in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, and evaluates the suitability of the water for various purposes. The study found that the water quality varied significantly, depending on the geological conditions and water quantity, with the south portal of the tunnel dominated by Mg cations and bicarbonate anions. The water was found to be suitable for tunnel support systems, including concrete and steel installations, with negligible corrosion observed over the study period. However, the water coming out of the tunnel at the south portal was found to be unsuitable for drinking due to its low pH value. The Wilcox plot classified the water samples as excellent for irrigation, which could benefit local agriculture in the area. The findings of this study can provide valuable insights into the hydrogeological characteristics of the Lowari Tunnel, contributing to the design and construction of similar infrastructure projects in the region. Furthermore, these insights can help improve access to safe and reliable water sources for local communities.

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Corrosion Level of Rock Bolts Exposed to Aggressive Environments in Nordic Road Tunnels

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

An Insight from Rock Bolts and Potential Factors Influencing Their Durability and the Long-Term Stability of Deep Rock Tunnels

An Insight from Rock Bolts and Potential Factors Influencing Their Durability and the Long-Term Stability of Deep Rock Tunnels

Accelerated corrosion test and field test of steel and zinc coupons at buffer areas and cross passages in a mass rapid transit tunnel

Lowari Tunnel Water Quality Evaluation: Implications for Tunnel Support, Potable Water Supply, and Irrigation in Northwestern Himalayas, Pakistan

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