Corrosion studies with a new laboratory-scale system simulating large-scale diesel engines operating with residual fuels

Lyyränen, Jussi; Jokiniemi, Jorma; Kauppinen, Esko I.; Silvonen, Aulis

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2004.03.011

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Two important parameters that dictate the suitability of TDO residuals as transportation fuels are carbon residue and ash content. These fuel properties have been correlated to adverse engine durability and significantly limit engine performance. , Importantly, TDO oils contain negligible sulfur, which is a primary residual fuel emission and is becoming increasingly regulated. Similarly, TDO oils contain low ash for both crude and hydroprocessed samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroprocessing of Biorenewable Thermal Deoxygenation Oils

et al. 2015

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Thermal deoxygenation (TDO) of neutralized biomass acid hydrolyzate, namely, levulinate and formate salt mixtures, is demonstrated to yield low oxygen bio-oils suitable for transportation fuels. The chemistry and upgrading potential are evaluated for TDO oils derived from calcium- and magnesium-neutralized model biomass acid hydrolyzate containing levulinate/formate salt mixtures at a 1:1 molar ratio. TDO oils were prepared using a 50 L semibatch reactor and analyzed for component chemistry and physicochemical properties. The TDO oils contain a broad distribution of monoaromatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons with H:C ratio of ≅1:1. Crude oils were processed under hydrogen pressure in a vertical downflow tubular reactor, using a Ni/SiO2–Al2O3 catalyst. Sustained yields of 90+ wt % were achieved over 700 h operating without catalyst regeneration. Products were identified by GC-MS to contain primarily naphthenes, monoaromatics, partially saturated polyaromatics, and only trace oxygenates. Hydroprocessed oils were distilled into naphtha, jet, kerosene, diesel, and residual fractions and analyzed using ASTM methods for fuel properties. Results indicate that upgraded TDO oils are suitable as blend stocks for reformulated fuels.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroprocessing of Biorenewable Thermal Deoxygenation Oils

et al. 2015

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“…Test bed studies by engine manufacturers are seldom published and in many cases concern new engines. Published research results from test bed emission studies include Lyyränen's work, [12][13][14] which considered engines for marine application and with residual oil only, and Kasper et al, 15 who examined particle formation from combustion of heavy fuel oil (HFO) as well as a MDO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Emissions from Ships: Dependence on Fuel Type

Winnes

Fridell

2009

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

100

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This paper presents the results of field emission measurements that have been carried out on the 4500-kW fourstroke main engine on-board a product tanker. Two fuel qualities-heavy fuel oil (HFO) and marine gas oil (MGO)-have been tested on the same engine for comparable load settings. A fuel switch within the marine sector is approaching and the aim of this study is to draw initial conclusions on the subsequent effects on ship exhaust gas composition and emission factors with a focus on particles. Measurements on exhaust gas concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), total hydrocarbons (HCs), and particulate matter (PM) were conducted. The gases, except SO 2 , did not show any major differences between the fuels. Specific PM emissions were generally higher for HFO than for MGO; however, for the smallest size-fraction measured containing particles 0.30 -0.40 m in diameter, the opposite is observed. This finding emphasizes that to minimize negative health effects of particles from ships, further regulation may be needed to reduce small-sized particles; a fuel shift to low sulfur fuel alone does not seem to accomplish this reduction. The average of this and previously published data from on-board studies on particle emissions from ships results in emissions factors of 0.33 and 1.34 g/kWh for marine distillate oil (MDO) and HFO, respectively. Accounting for 1 standard deviation in each direction from the average values gives a range of 0.18 -0.48 g/kWh for MDO and 0.56 -2.12 g/kWh for HFO.

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“…Nimonic 80a is a superalloy widely used in aerospace and other industries because of its high strength and strong resistance to corrosions [1][2][3][4]. It is also attractive to engineers to fabricate exhausting valve head for high power engines [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%