Corrosive–Abrasive Wear Induced by Soot in Boundary Lubrication Regime

Salehi, Fatemeh; Khaemba, Doris N.; Morina, Ardian; Neville, Anne

doi:10.1007/s11249-016-0704-9

Cited by 40 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Soot acts as a friction modifier causing a decrease in friction coefficient. The results in line with studies 44,45 demonstrated the effect of soot on friction in the existence of soot at low-level. As ZDDP is added in the oil, a higher friction coefficient resulted 25,26 .…”

Section: Tribological Performancesupporting

confidence: 89%

“…On the other hand, the soot effect on friction is negotiable depending on the soot level in the oil 9,10,44. The higher level of soot can cause oil starvation and an increase in friction coefficient 9,10 . While it has been observed a decrease in friction coefficient with low soot level as soot particles act as friction modifier 44 . In this study, the friction coefficient of used oil contains 0.62wt% soot decreases before adding ZDDP as shown in Figure 8.…”

Section: Tribological Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphate Replenishment on Tribological Performance of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Oil

Omar

Salehi

Farooq

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Soot is the main contamination that affects oil performance and increases oil drain intervals in heavyduty engine oil. It is also believed that additive concentration in engine oil can be influenced due to additive depletion over time and additive adsorption on soot particles. To extend oil drain intervals and improve oil performance, filter manufactures explore removing the soot to a certain level and replenishing the consumed additives. Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphate (ZDDP) is one of the most favoured anti-wear additives that reacts very rapidly with rubbing surfaces to form tribofilm that reduce wear. In this study, the experimental work aims to investigate the effect of ZDDP replenishment on tribological performance in the existence of soot and after removing soot from heavy-duty used oil. The study reveals that reclaiming the used oil can be achieved by removing the soot to a certain level. The results demonstrate that the reclaimed oil after removing soot is still not as good as the fresh oil. This study proves that additive depletion, additive adsorption on soot and the decomposition of antiwear additive adversely influence the reclaimed oil performance. However, replenishing the consumed additive by adding a small amount of ZDDP helps to improve the reclaimed oil performance compared to a large amount of ZDDP which is required to re-gain the oil performance in the existence of soot.

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Section: Tribological Performancesupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Tribological Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphate Replenishment on Tribological Performance of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Oil

Omar

Salehi

Farooq

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…The wear rate is estimated by Archard’s equation. As the initial roughness of the lower disk samples was high, the wear volume of disc samples was very difficult to assess [6]. Therefore, the wear volume of upper ball samples was used to calculate the wear rate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soot in the lubricating oil can increase the viscosity of the oil and affect its tribological properties. Salehi et al [6] found that rapid tribofilm formation through the addition and removal of ZDDP (Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphates)by soot particles results in severe wear, which can be attributed to the corrosive–abrasive mechanism. Green et al [7] concluded that a larger soot amount in the lubricating oil generates more wear, which is mainly due to the abrasive process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Carbon Nanoparticles Derived from Biodiesel Soot as Lubricant Additives

Wang

et al. 2019

Nanomaterials

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The objective of this study was to investigate the roles and tribological mechanisms of onion-like carbon nanoparticles derived from biodiesel soot (BDS) when applied in water (H2O) and liquid paraffin (LP). In this study, we prepared nitric acid-treated BDS (NA-BDS) as an additive to H2O and NA-BDS modified with oleylamine (NA-BDS-OLA) as an additive to LP. Raman spectroscopy, field-emission transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and zeta potentiometry were used to characterize the results of the nitric acid treatment and oleylamine modification. The tribological behaviors and corresponding mechanisms of the new onion-like carbon nanoparticles were evaluated using a ball-on-disc reciprocating tribometer, as well as field-emission scanning electron microscopy, three-dimensional laser scanning microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicated that the additives NA-BDS and NA-BDS-OLA, which were onion-like carbon nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 35 to 40 nm, enhanced the antiwear and friction reduction properties of H2O and LP, respectively. Through tribo-mechanisms, these types of soot can serve as spacers and ball bearings between the rubbing surfaces. Moreover, exfoliation under a high load as a result of the formation of a graphitic layer facilitates easy shearing.

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“…Another soot-induced wear mechanism attributable to the high wear under boundary lubrication conditions is corrosive-abrasive mechanism [45,46]. This mechanism results from concurrent formation and removal of tribofilms by carbon black (CB) particles.…”

Section: Overview Of Soot Effects On Automotive Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary challenges of soot build-up in IC engine and their tribological implications

Abdulqadir

Nor

Lewis

et al. 2018

Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces

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Confronted with the contemporary challenges of maximizing energy efficiency with minimal impact on the environment, the automotive industry has developed various technologies to tackle them. Most of these technologies, however,have wider implications on the tribological performance of the automotive engines due to resultant soot build-up. This paper reviews the effects that attempts by stakeholders to satisfy requirements for reduced fuel consumption, reduced emissions and extended service intervals havehad on increasing soot levels to an extent that can lead to engine component failure.Three areas have been identified that have either not been explored or not widely explored in the study of automotive soot, namely: numerical simulation and modelling of soot wear, soot effects on wear of actual engine components and the wear and friction performance of non-metallic materials used in ICEs. A paper-grading system is also utilised to present an overview of how sooty oil related research covers various areas.

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Corrosive–Abrasive Wear Induced by Soot in Boundary Lubrication Regime

Cited by 40 publications

References 29 publications

Effect of Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphate Replenishment on Tribological Performance of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Oil

Effect of Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphate Replenishment on Tribological Performance of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Oil

Novel Carbon Nanoparticles Derived from Biodiesel Soot as Lubricant Additives

Contemporary challenges of soot build-up in IC engine and their tribological implications

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