2011
DOI: 10.1108/sd.2011.05627fad.004
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Corruption and entrepreneurship: how formal and informal institutions shape small firm behavior in transition and mature market economies

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Cited by 151 publications
(252 citation statements)
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“…Corruption or acceptance of corruption in a society has been referred as an example of informal institutions especially in emerging economies (e.g. Peng et al 2008;Richey 2010;Tonoyan et al 2010). We further argue that the society's openness to the foreign ideas captured by national culture item in this study appropriately addresses the attitude to operations of foreign firms in host economies.…”
Section: Hypothesis 2a: High Informal Institutional Distance Leads Tomentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Corruption or acceptance of corruption in a society has been referred as an example of informal institutions especially in emerging economies (e.g. Peng et al 2008;Richey 2010;Tonoyan et al 2010). We further argue that the society's openness to the foreign ideas captured by national culture item in this study appropriately addresses the attitude to operations of foreign firms in host economies.…”
Section: Hypothesis 2a: High Informal Institutional Distance Leads Tomentioning
confidence: 99%
“…complementing) or undermining (i.e. substituting) informal institutions Tonoyan, Strohmeyer, and Habib 2010;Krasniqi and Desai 2016;Hashi and Krasniqi 2011). Informal institutions can complement formal institutions if they create incentives to comply with the formal institutions, thereby addressing problems of social interaction and coordination and enhancing the efficiency of formal institutions (Baumol 1990;North 1990).…”
Section: Explaining Unregistered Employment: Theoretical Framing and mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A further reason for differentiation is provided by Tonoyan (2011) having investigated the East-West corruption gap. The author sees the reasons for corruption in less efficient financial and legal institutions with lacking enforcements, the perception of corruption as a generally existing business practice, and the existence of social networks, which might decrease opportunism.…”
Section: Reasons To Differentiatementioning
confidence: 99%
“…This finding has direct connotations with and implications on research questions 4 and 5. Tonoyan's (2011) For social entrepreneurs from non-entrepreneurship or non-management background a more comprehensive and basic education and training in all management and leadership roles is suggested. Regarding the teaching and training methodology, a more inductive rather than deductive approach is suggested due to the often mentioned emphasis on 'learning by doing' and a lack of existing knowledge structures.…”
Section: Research Questions and Derived Recommendationmentioning
confidence: 99%