“…This constant interfacing between public and private actors is said to create “friction.” In addition, Transparency International suggests that construction and infrastructure projects are peculiarly prone to corruption due to their large size, high value, and fragmented nature (Ferguson, 2015; Kühn & Sherman, 2014). Because public infrastructure projects are usually “special purpose, one-of-a-kind deals” that are massive in scale, produce high levels of economic rents, present difficulties in establishing benchmarks for cost and quality, and can be challenging to monitor, corruption risks abound (Rose-Ackerman & Truex, 2012, p. 24). The sheer complexity of infrastructure projects can also serve as a smoke screen for fraud and corruption, as it is difficult to track and monitor payments effectively (Ferguson, 2015).…”