Cortical Evoked Potentials to Semantic Stimuli

Begleiter, Henri; Platz, Arthur

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1969.tb02887.x

Cited by 71 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Other studies report even earlier emotionality-dependent modulations of ERPs before or around 200 ms with particular task designs such as near-subliminal (Begleiter and Platz, 1969; Bernat et al, 2001; Ortigue et al, 2004) or hemifield presentation of words (Schapkin et al, 2000; Landis, 2006; Kanske and Kotz, 2007). Across input modalities (words, pictures, videos) emotional stimuli have shown a processing advantage over neutral ones (Eviatar and Zaidel, 1991; Dijksterhuis and Aarts, 2003), characterized at the neural level with amplified cortical responses (Cahill et al, 1996; Hamann et al, 1999; Herbert et al, 2009; Hofmann et al, 2009; Schacht and Sommer, 2009a,b), which is explained by the intrinsic relevance and salience of emotional stimuli (Lang et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Independence of Valence and Reward in Emotional Word Processing: Electrophysiological Evidence

Kaltwasser¹,

Riès²,

Sommer³

et al. 2013

Front. Psychol.

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Both emotion and reward are primary modulators of cognition: emotional word content enhances word processing, and reward expectancy similarly amplifies cognitive processing from the perceptual up to the executive control level. Here, we investigate how these primary regulators of cognition interact. We studied how the anticipation of gain or loss modulates the neural time course (event-related potentials, ERPs) related to processing of emotional words. Participants performed a semantic categorization task on emotional and neutral words, which were preceded by a cue indicating that performance could lead to monetary gain or loss. Emotion-related and reward-related effects occurred in different time windows, did not interact statistically, and showed different topographies. This speaks for an independence of reward expectancy and the processing of emotional word content. Therefore, privileged processing given to emotionally valenced words seems immune to short-term modulation of reward. Models of language comprehension should be able to incorporate effects of reward and emotion on language processing, and the current study argues for an architecture in which reward and emotion do not share a common neurobiological mechanism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Independence of Valence and Reward in Emotional Word Processing: Electrophysiological Evidence

Kaltwasser¹,

Riès²,

Sommer³

et al. 2013

Front. Psychol.

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“…Thus far it is not entirely clear as to whether we are dealing with subconscious reactions to emotionally significant words or whether the subjects are reluctant to respond when an "unpleasant" word appears on the screen (Whittaker et al, 1952). The fact that the need to respond verbally is not indifferent to the subject is indicated by the experiments of Begleiter and Platz (1969). Retarded components of potentials elicited by "forbidden" words were expressed more strongly than those elicited by neutral words.…”

Section: Effect Of Emotions On Activity (Using the Processes Of Percementioning

confidence: 99%

The Emotional Brain

Сімонов¹

1986

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“…First, P2 was related to attention and categorization around 150–300 ms post-stimulus onset (Antal et al, 2001; Crowley and Colrain, 2004). Second, a plethora of research has found that emotional effect takes place in the P2 time-window in visible conditions (Begleiter and Platz, 1969; Begleiter et al, 1979; Williamson et al, 1991; Schapkin et al, 2000; Ortigue et al, 2004; Kanske and Kotz, 2007; Wang and Bastiaansen, 2014). For instance, Herbert et al (2006) observed that negative words elicited larger P2 component compared with neutral words.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic Processing of Emotional Words in the Absence of Awareness: The Critical Role of P2

et al. 2017

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It has been long debated to what extent emotional words can be processed in the absence of awareness. Behavioral studies have shown that the meaning of emotional words can be accessed even without any awareness. However, functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have revealed that emotional words that are unconsciously presented do not activate the brain regions involved in semantic or emotional processing. To clarify this point, we used continuous flash suppression (CFS) and event-related potential (ERP) techniques to distinguish between semantic and emotional processing. In CFS, we successively flashed some Mondrian-style images into one participant's eye steadily, which suppressed the images projected to the other eye. Negative, neutral, and scrambled words were presented to 16 healthy participants for 500 ms. Whenever the participants saw the stimuli—in both visible and invisible conditions—they pressed specific keyboard buttons. Behavioral data revealed that there was no difference in reaction time to negative words and to neutral words in the invisible condition, although negative words were processed faster than neutral words in the visible condition. The ERP results showed that negative words elicited a larger P2 amplitude in the invisible condition than in the visible condition. The P2 component was enhanced for the neutral words compared with the scrambled words in the visible condition; however, the scrambled words elicited larger P2 amplitudes than the neutral words in the invisible condition. These results suggest that the emotional processing of words is more sensitive than semantic processing in the conscious condition. Semantic processing was found to be attenuated in the absence of awareness. Our findings indicate that P2 plays an important role in the unconscious processing of emotional words, which highlights the fact that emotional processing may be automatic and prioritized compared with semantic processing in the absence of awareness.

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Cortical Evoked Potentials to Semantic Stimuli

Cited by 71 publications

References 17 publications

Independence of Valence and Reward in Emotional Word Processing: Electrophysiological Evidence

Independence of Valence and Reward in Emotional Word Processing: Electrophysiological Evidence

The Emotional Brain

Automatic Processing of Emotional Words in the Absence of Awareness: The Critical Role of P2

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