Independence of Valence and Reward in Emotional Word Processing: Electrophysiological Evidence

Kaltwasser, Laura; Riès, Stéphanie; Sommer, Werner; Knight, Robert T.; Willems, Roel M.

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00168

Cited by 37 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Importantly, no interaction of the factors Emotion and Outcome was detected, neither on the behavioral level nor in any of the ERP components of interest, indicating that no integration of the two sources of salience takes place. This absence of interaction effects corroborates studies on emotional words (Kaltwasser, Ries, Sommer, Knight, & Willems, 2013) and All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Money or smiles: Independent ERP effects of associated monetary reward and happy faces

Hammerschmidt¹,

Kulke²,

Broering³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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In comparison to neutral faces, facial expressions of emotion are known to elicit attentional prioritization, mainly demonstrated by means of event-related potentials (ERPs). Recent evidence indicated that such a preferential processing can also be gained by neutral faces when associated with increased motivational salience via reward. It remains, however, an open question, whether impacts of inherent emotional salience and associated motivational salience might be integrated. In the present study, participants (N=42) learned to categorize happy and neutral faces as reward-and zero-outcome-related via an associative learning paradigm. After successful learning, a consolidation phase followed to strengthen the learned associations. ERPs were recorded throughout the experiment. In the learning phase, happy faces boosted the face-sensitive N170 and the emotion-related EPN component, compared to neutral faces, whereas effects of associated motivational salience were absent. In the subsequent consolidation phase, happy faces again elicited enhanced N170 and EPN amplitudes, while reward-associated faces -irrespective of their expressions -amplified the LPC, a component linked to higherorder evaluations. Interactions between expressions and associated outcome conditions were absent in all ERP components of interest. The present study offers new evidence that acquired salience impacts stimulus processing but independent of the effects driven by happy facial expressions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Money or smiles: Independent ERP effects of associated monetary reward and happy faces

Hammerschmidt¹,

Kulke²,

Broering³

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Motivation is commonly defined as what drives one to work to obtain a reward or to avoid punishment, and positive or negative emotions may be aroused after evaluating the outcomes Pessoa 2009). Studies suggest that motivation and emotion may share common processing mechanisms and operate in highly reciprocal ways in the brain (Baxter and Murray 2002;Pessoa 2009;Shigemune et al 2010;Tsukiura and Cabeza 2008;Wei and Kang 2014;Wittmann et al 2008; but see Kaltwasser et al 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent effects of reward expectation and spatial orientation on the processing of emotional facial expressions

2015

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The present study investigated the effect of reward expectation and spatial orientation on the processing of emotional facial expressions, using a spatial cue-target paradigm. A colored cue was presented at the left or right side of the central fixation point, with its color indicating the monetary reward stakes of a given trial (incentive vs. non-incentive), followed by the presentation of an emotional facial target (angry vs. neutral) at a cued or un-cued location. Participants were asked to discriminate the emotional expression of the target, with the cue-target stimulus onset asynchrony being 200-300 ms in Experiment 1 and 950-1250 ms in Experiment 2a (without a fixation cue) and Experiment 2b (with a fixation cue), producing a spatial facilitation effect and an inhibition of return effect, respectively. The results of all the experiments revealed faster reaction times in the monetary incentive condition than in the non-incentive condition, demonstrating the effect of reward to facilitate task performance. An interaction between reward expectation and the emotion of the target was evident in all the three experiments, with larger reward effects for angry faces than for neutral faces. This interaction was not affected by spatial orientation. These findings demonstrate that incentive motivation improves task performance and increases sensitivity to angry faces, irrespective of spatial orienting and reorienting processes.

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“…With regard to concreteness, only recently have studies emerged that sought to test Kousta et al's (2011) claim that affective information is more relevant in the representation and processing of abstract than of concrete words. The common approach of these studies has been to orthogonally manipulate concreteness and emotional content, with discrepant findings: Whereas some authors have found an interaction between concreteness and emotional content, revealing a stronger emotionality effect for abstract than for concrete words (Ferré, Ventura, Comesaña, & Fraga, 2015;Kaltwasser, Ries, Sommer, Knight, & Willems, 2013;Yao & Wang, 2013, others have not (Kanske & Kotz, 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

Spanish norms for affective and lexico-semantic variables for 1,400 words

2015

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Studies of semantic variables (e.g., concreteness) and affective variables (i.e., valence and arousal) have traditionally tended to run in different directions. However, in recent years there has been growing interest in studying the relationship, as well as the potential overlaps, between the two. This article describes a database that provides subjective ratings for 1,400 Spanish words for valence, arousal, concreteness, imageability, context availability, and familiarity. Data were collected online through a process involving 826 university students. The results showed a high interrater reliability for all of the variables examined, as well as high correlations between our affective and semantic values and norms currently available in other Spanish databases. Regarding the affective variables, the typical quadratic correlation between valence and arousal ratings was obtained. Likewise, significant correlations were found between the lexico-semantic variables. Importantly, we obtained moderate negative correlations between emotionality and both concreteness and imageability. This is in line with the claim that abstract words have more affective associations than concrete ones (Kousta, Vigliocco, Vinson, Andrews, & Del Campo, 2011). The present Spanish database is suitable for experimental research into the effects of both affective properties and lexico-semantic variables on word processing and memory.

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Independence of Valence and Reward in Emotional Word Processing: Electrophysiological Evidence

Cited by 37 publications

References 80 publications

Money or smiles: Independent ERP effects of associated monetary reward and happy faces

Money or smiles: Independent ERP effects of associated monetary reward and happy faces

Independent effects of reward expectation and spatial orientation on the processing of emotional facial expressions

Spanish norms for affective and lexico-semantic variables for 1,400 words

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