Cortical Implantation of Hydrocarbons in Rats and Mice

Gershbein, Leon L.; Benuck, Irwin

doi:10.1159/000225009

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…When dosed orally, azulene exhibited acute toxicity of LD 50 of 3 g/kg in mice and 4 g/kg in rats, respectively. When azulene was injected into the brains of rats, it caused non-space-occupying lesions [7]. Azulene was found not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium bacteria strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537 with and without the presence of an S9 activation enzyme system [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Photomutagenicity of cosmetic ingredient chemicals azulene and guaiazulene

Wang

Yan

et al. 2003

Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutag

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The photomutagenicity of the popular skin conditioning agents azulene and guaiazulene were tested in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100 and TA102. Following irradiation with UVA and/or visible light, both azulene and guaiazulene exhibited mutagenicity 4-5-fold higher than the spontaneous background mutation. In contrary, naphthalene, a structural isomer of azulene, was not photomutagenic under the same conditions. Azulene was photomutagenic when irradiated with UVA light alone, visible light alone, or a combination of UVA and visible light. Azulene and guaiazulene are not mutagenic when the experiment is conducted with the exclusion of light. Therefore, extreme care must be taken when using cosmetic products with azulene/guaiazulene as ingredients since after applying these products on the skin, exposure to sunlight is inevitable.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Photomutagenicity of cosmetic ingredient chemicals azulene and guaiazulene

Wang

Yan

et al. 2003

Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutag

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“…Indeed, differences in expression at the Ahr locus are correlated with differences in dimethylbenzanthracene-induced skin inflammation and the incidence of 20-MC-induced brain tumors in mice (Levitt et al 1979). This could explain the differences that Zimmerman and others observed in brain tumor incidence among inbred mouse strains (Gershbein and Benuck 1975;Zimmerman and Arnold 1944). Furthermore, tumor incidence is significantly reduced in knockout mice of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFa (Suganuma et al 1999).…”

Section: Activated Macrophages and Glia Disrupt The Brain Microenviromentioning

confidence: 80%

Perspectives on Brain Tumor Formation Involving Macrophages, Glia, and Neural Stem

Seyfried¹

2001

pbm

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The incidence of brain tumors is rising in children and the elderly, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying brain tumor initiation and progression. In the 1940s, Zimmerman and coworkers exploited the tumor-promoting potential of polycyclic hydrocarbons to produce brain tumor models in adult mice that simulated the neuropathology of human brain tumors. Based on these early findings and on recent neurobiological studies of stem cells, I propose that crystalline carcinogenic pellets surgically implanted in the central nervous system establish over time a microenvironment that fosters proliferation and genetic damage in neural stem cells and their progenitors. Moreover, activated glia (microglia and astrocytes) and recruited macrophages mediate these processes. Gradually local tissue fields, which normally restrict stem cell proliferation, become disorganized, leading to further stem cell proliferation, genetic damage, and eventual neoplasia. Depending on age, location, and the state of glial/macrophage activation, the resulting brain tumor may resemble transformed neural progenitors aborted in more or less differentiated states. This hypothesis integrates the general mechanisms by which neural stem cells, glia, and macrophages orchestrate the initiation and progression of brain cancer. Also discussed are implications of these concepts for the diagnosis and therapy of human brain tumors.

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“…Except for a remarkable decrease in poking response with kaolin (5th day; table III), tire carcinogens and talc suspension by the cortical route engendered little change in behavior over extended periods. The hydrocarbons have been shown to affect few alterations in the mouse brain under these conditions (5). In contrast to the decreased poke performance of mice bearing cortical tumors, such animal series displayed little difference over the controls when subjected to activity wheel exercising sessions (table IV).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The coordi nates for the implantation of Walker tum or into the various brain sites are identical with those specified in the latter report. The hydrocarbons (Eastman Kodak) were introduced cortically as fragments in rats and as suspensions in saline in mice (5). Intracerebral injection of inflammatory agents was also affected in mice, the mixtures comprising kaolin with pectin, NF (6 g kaolin and 130 mg pectin per 30 ml; Abbott Laboratories) and an 18% suspension of USP talc in saline.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kelly et al (9) reported that neurological signs for an expanding cerebral tumor in Rhesus monkeys comprise dilation of pupils, blindness, enlargement of skull, muscular rigidity, spasm and paralysis with death generally following soon after. Brain anatomic changes and survival of animals with brain implants of ascites tumor suspensions of varying cell number (6,7) and hydrocarbons (5) have been advanced by this laboratory. The present study expands the latter reports with the view of eluci dating the behavior of such animals when subjected to psychological parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral Parameters in Rats and Mice Bearing Tumors, Carcinogens and Inflammatory Agents in the Brain

Gershbein¹,

Benuck²,

Shurrager³

1975

Oncology

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Walker tumor cells and carcinogens were implanted into the brains of rats and L1210, P388 and Ehrlich ascites tumors, in addition to inflammatory agents-and hydrocarbons, injected cortically into mice. Behavioral changes were followed in such animals by several psychological criteria, a discriminated lever-press task in rats and an exploratory task, the poke test, in rats and mice. An activity wheel was also employed for further amplification of mouse behavior. No definite changes could be discerned by these tests between rats bearing tumor or carcinogen and the respective controls as was also the case with levels of activity in the mouse. In marked contrast, mice administered tumors or kaolin cortically demonstrated significant reductions in the mean number of pokes, especially with the higher numbers of cells injected and where neurological symptoms were evident. Behavioral changes, if any, were minimal in mice with cortically implanted carcinogens.

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Cortical Implantation of Hydrocarbons in Rats and Mice

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Photomutagenicity of cosmetic ingredient chemicals azulene and guaiazulene

Photomutagenicity of cosmetic ingredient chemicals azulene and guaiazulene

Perspectives on Brain Tumor Formation Involving Macrophages, Glia, and Neural Stem

Behavioral Parameters in Rats and Mice Bearing Tumors, Carcinogens and Inflammatory Agents in the Brain

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