“…For instance, there is converging evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), functional nearinfrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies that complex motor imagery is associated with greater hemodynamic change and higher amplitude motor-evoked potentials than simple motor imagery (e.g., Kuhtz-Buschbeck et al, 2003;Roosink & Zijdewind, 2010;Holper & Wolf, 2011). In the latter studies and in this paper, "complex" motor imagery is defined as tasks that involve sequences of movements (e.g., KuhtzBuschbeck et al, 2003;Roosink & Zijdewind, 2010;Holper & Wolf, 2011), and/or more than one body part (e.g., Holper & Wolf, 2011). Based on these findings, we hypothesized that actions involving more than one body part and more complex action sequences would result in more robust SMRs and, consequently, higher classification accuracy than traditional SMR-based BCI imagery tasks.…”