Cortisol and externalizing behavior in children and adolescents: Mixed meta‐analytic evidence for the inverse relation of basal cortisol and cortisol reactivity with externalizing behavior

Alink, Lenneke R. A.; IJzendoorn, Marinus H. van; Bakermans‐Kranenburg, Marian J.; Mesman, Judi; Juffer, Femmie; Koot, Hans M.

doi:10.1002/dev.20300

Cited by 316 publications

(342 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Based on our own observations and reports from other laboratories (e.g., Clements, Parker, Dixon, & Salley, 2007), we posited that a small but significant proportion of children show such behavior and that it is related to the children's difficulties in regulating their emotions, behavior, and physiological responsivity in the face of challenge. Findings in support of this hypothesis would provide further evidence that children differ in their response and capacity to cope with stress, but at the same time would raise concerns that children with special difficulties would not be represented in study samples or, if they manage to comply, would have extreme levels of cortisol (e.g., Alink et al, 2008;Ruttle et al, 2011) that could skew distributions and group averages.…”

Section: Developmental Psychobiologymentioning

confidence: 83%

“…However, externalizing symptoms also can be related to exuberance and approach behavior (e.g., Fox, Henderson, Rubin, Calkins, & Schmidt, 2001), which could fuel children's readiness to partake in new and arousing situations (e.g., saliva collection), which in turn could override or temper a tendency toward noncompliance. We note that externalizing and internalizing symptoms have been related to cortisol levels in young children, although results of previous studies have not been consistent (e.g., Alink et al, 2008;Eisenberg et al, 2010;Gunnar et al, 2009;Ruttle et al, 2011). We also note that externalizing and internalizing disorders are frequently comorbid, although there is evidence that their trajectories and predisposing factors may differ, at least in some children (review in Oland & Shaw, 2005).…”

Section: Developmental Psychobiologymentioning

confidence: 87%

“…This is important to know because the cortisol levels of these children, whether missing due to refusal or atypical, as would be expected among children who despite significant reluctance manage to provide saliva, could skew estimates of mean values of cortisol, contribute to statistical findings, and influence conclusions derived from them. We also add that the findings can offer further insight into the relation between young children's noncompliant behavior and HPA function, which in turn can advance our understanding of individual differences in coping with arousal and stress (Alink et al, 2008;Gunnar et al, 2009).…”

Section: Developmental Psychobiologymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…We used the Internalizing and Externalizing scales rather than the specific subscales in order to reduce the likelihood of Type I errors, and because noncompliance and cortisol in children have been most frequently related to the broader scales (e.g., meta analysis in Alink et al, 2008). Finally, we had no reason to posit a relation between noncompliance and the specific subscales, based on previous research.…”

Section: Child Behavior Problemsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Children's noncompliance during saliva collection predicts measures of salivary cortisol

Kaitz

Sabato

Shalev

et al. 2011

Developmental Psychobiology

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Salivary cortisol has been useful for evaluating children's physiological responses to stress and for identifying factors that predict their magnitude and duration. However, results have been somewhat equivocal across studies, and this has motivated researchers to identify sources of variance and error. Here, we examined the prevalence of preschoolers' noncompliance during saliva collection and aimed to learn about noncompliant children in terms of their hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal function, behavior in other situations, and symptoms of behavioral problems. Results were based on measures of cortisol, children's behavior during saliva collection and a mother-child teaching interaction, and ratings of problem behavior by teachers and parents. Results show that 12% (21/174) of the sample was noncompliant on at least one of the collection trials. Children, who were noncompliant but did not outright refuse saliva collection, had higher cortisol than did compliant children. Children who were noncompliant during saliva collection were likely to be noncompliant during the teaching episode, and they were perceived as having more internalizing symptoms than compliant children. These results suggest that children's noncompliance during saliva collection can be a source of nonrandom missing data or extreme cortisol values, which should be considered in future studies.

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Section: Developmental Psychobiologymentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Developmental Psychobiologymentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Developmental Psychobiologymentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Child Behavior Problemsmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Children's noncompliance during saliva collection predicts measures of salivary cortisol

Kaitz

Sabato

Shalev

et al. 2011

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…Poustka et al, 2010), and yet others find no association (e.g. Alink et al, 2008). We believe that a positive association is most plausible.…”

Section: Basal Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Sex Hormones and Competitive Bidding

Schipper

2012

SSRN Journal

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We correlate competitive bidding and profits in symmetric independent private value first-price auctions with salivary testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol in more than 200 subjects. Bids are significantly positively correlated and profits are significantly negatively correlated with basal salivary progesterone but only for females who do not use hormonal contraceptives. Surprisingly, we have null findings for basal testosterone, estradiol, and cortisol for both males and females. We show that our finding for progesterone is not mediated by risk aversion or bidding mistakes. No hormone responds to total profits in the auctions except for a small positive response of the stress hormone cortisol in males.

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Higher Crash and Near-Crash Rates in Teenaged Drivers With Lower Cortisol Response

et al. 2014

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IMPORTANCE Road traffic crashes are one of the leading causes of injury and death among teenagers worldwide. Better understanding of the individual pathways to driving risk may lead to better-targeted intervention in this vulnerable group. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between cortisol, a neurobiological marker of stress regulation linked to risky behavior, and driving risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Naturalistic Teenage Driving Study was designed to continuously monitor the driving behavior of teenagers by instrumenting vehicles with kinematic sensors, cameras, and a global positioning system. During 2006–2008, a community sample of 42 newly licensed 16-year-old volunteer participants in the United States was recruited and driving behavior monitored. It was hypothesized in teenagers that higher cortisol response to stress is associated with (1) lower crash and near-crash (CNC) rates during their first 18 months of licensure and (2) faster reduction in CNC rates over time. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Participants’ cortisol response during a stress-inducing task was assessed at baseline, followed by measurement of their involvement in CNCs and driving exposure during their first 18 months of licensure. Mixed-effect Poisson longitudinal regression models were used to examine the association between baseline cortisol response and CNC rates during the follow-up period. RESULTS Participants with a higher baseline cortisol response had lower CNC rates during the follow-up period (exponential of the regression coefficient, 0.93; 95%CI, 0.88–0.98) and faster decrease in CNC rates over time (exponential of the regression coefficient, 0.98; 95%, CI, 0.96–0.99). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Cortisol is a neurobiological marker associated with teenaged-driving risk. As in other problem-behavior fields, identification of an objective marker of teenaged-driving risk promises the development of more personalized intervention approaches.

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Cortisol and externalizing behavior in children and adolescents: Mixed meta‐analytic evidence for the inverse relation of basal cortisol and cortisol reactivity with externalizing behavior

Cited by 316 publications

References 121 publications

Children's noncompliance during saliva collection predicts measures of salivary cortisol

Children's noncompliance during saliva collection predicts measures of salivary cortisol

Sex Hormones and Competitive Bidding

Higher Crash and Near-Crash Rates in Teenaged Drivers With Lower Cortisol Response

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