“…In any case, the oral use of low bioavailability antibiotics in intensive animal production that do not get over MIC 90, represents a crucial risk factor for antimicrobial resistance development and therapeutic failures. Microbiota in caecum and colon is exposed to high concentrations of unabsorbed fraction of the OTC administered (>90%) (Hansen, Aarestrup, & Sørensen, 2002;Toutain, Ferran, Bousquet-Melou, Pelligand, & Lees, 2016), enhancing multidrug-resistant strains (Herrick, Haynes, Heringa, Brooks, & Sobota, 2014;Toutain et al, 2016) and drug dissemination in the environment (Cheng et al, 2014). Accounting for the seriousness of this situation and in a context where rational use of antibiotics is essential, we think that if low oral bioavailability has been demonstrated for a certain formulation, as it is the case of OTC in the present study, its oral use should not be acceptable to treat systemic infections.…”