Positive relationship detected between soil bioaccessible organic pollutants and antibiotic resistance genes at dairy farms in Nanjing, Eastern China

The Abundance and Diversity of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Atmospheric Environment of Biology Laboratories and Surroundings

“…These correlations are consistent with previous studies [20]. However, our study did not nd TnpA and sulII correlate with other target genes like previous studies did in different environments [7,23,67], this suggests that more ARGs and the co-occurrence between ARGs and antibiotic residuals in aerosol of biology labs, pharmaceutical plants, fermentation industry should be taken into account in future studies.…”

“…The co-occurrence network of ARGs, MGEs and HPBs independent of sites Though previous studies did nd the correlations between 16S rRNA and certain ARGs or MGEs in air, water, sediment and soil samples [8,23,36], there were no correlations found in this study between 16S rRNA and other target genes analyzed by Pearson Correlation Coe cient.…”

“…It is estimated that global mortality attributable to AMR will be nearly 700000 per year, and is expected to rise to 10 million annually by 2050 [5]. This is not surprising, since the existence of more than 20000 potential antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of nearly 400 different types, has been predicted from available bacterial genome sequences [6] and these ARGs have been found in various environments all over the world, including rivers [7][8][9], lakes [10], coastal areas [7,11], soil [12,13], sediments [7,14], hospitals [15,16], wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) [17], aquaculture farms [18][19][20], livestock farms [21][22][23], livestock markets [24], composting plants [25], land lls [26][27][28], and even in the areas with less anthropogenic in uences such as the deep ocean [29], Tibet Plateau [30] and permafrost sediments [31]. Among these environments, animal husbandries, hospitals, WWTPs and land lls are considered as the major known contributors for AMR [9,22,26,32,33].…”

Simultaneous analysis of multiple classes of antimicrobials in environmental water samples using SPE coupled with UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS and isotope dilution

“…Multiple genes encoding for antimicrobial resistance have often been detected in a variety of environmental compartments, including wastewater, surface water, groundwater, drinking water, sludge, soil and sediment [14], [15] and [16].The evolution of an antimicrobial resistance gene reservoir in the environment is considered to be related to the consumption of antimicrobials in both human and veterinary medicine. Recent studies have reported that the applications of manure and treated/untreated wastewater for irrigation tend to place a positive selective pressure for development of ARB/ARG; that is why high levels of ARGs are noted in agricultural soil [13] and [17]. To date, it is assumed that antimicrobial residues in the environment directly affect terrestrial organisms, alter microbial activity and community composition in soil, and promote the development of ARGs [13] and [18].…”

Detection, Occurrence and Fate of Emerging Contaminants in Agricultural Environments

“…In another study, ARG sul (1), sul (2), erm (A) and erm (B) were detected in 70 soil samples collected from 7 dairy farms with relative abundance ranged from 10 −6 to 10 −4 copies/16S rRNA gene Sun et al (2015). The concentrations of major organic pollutants (sulfadiazine, roxithromycin, phenanthrene and pentachlorophenol) were measured at up to 2.9 mg kg −1 , with the bioaccessible fraction accounting for 1% to 50% of the total concentrations.…”