Cosmetic dyes as potential photosensitizers of singlet oxygen generation

Vázquez-Ortega, Fernanda; Lagunes, Irene; Trigos, Ángel

doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2020.108248

Cited by 46 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Mostly, the products in cosmetics show absorption under UV-R and visible light [53]. Cosmetic ingredients possess chromophore groups capable of performing the absorption process of electromagnetic radiation and thereby could act as photosensitizers [54]. Following light absorption, cosmetic products generally become photosensitized, which results in photoallergic, phototoxic, irritant contact dermatitis, and anaphylactic reactions [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative-Stress-Induced Cellular Toxicity and Glycoxidation of Biomolecules by Cosmetic Products under Sunlight Exposure

Mujtaba¹,

Masih²,

Alqasmi

et al. 2021

Antioxidants

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Cosmetics, commonly known as ‘makeup’ are products that can enhance the appearance of the human body. Cosmetic products include hair dyes, shampoos, skincare, sunscreens, kajal, and other makeup products. Cosmetics are generally applied throughout the face and over the neck region. Sunlight has different wavelengths of light, which include UV-A, UV-B, UV-C, and other radiations. Most cosmetic products have absorption maxima (λmax) in the range of visible light and UV-R. The effect of light-induced photosensitization of cosmetic products, which results in the production of free radicals through type-I and type-II photosensitization mechanisms. Free-radicals-mediated DNA damage and oxidative stress are common consequences of cosmetic phototoxicity. Cosmetic phototoxicity may include percutaneous absorption, skin irritation, eye irritation, photosensitization, mutagenicity, and genotoxicity. Oxidative stress induces membrane lipid peroxidation, glycoxidation, and protein covalent modifications, resulting in their dysfunction. Natural antioxidants inhibit oxidative-stress-induced cosmetic toxicity. Sunlight-induced photodegradation and accumulation of cosmetic photoproducts are also a matter of serious concern. India has tropical weather conditions throughout the year and generally, a majority of human activities such as commerce, agriculture, sports, etc. are performed under bright sunlight conditions. Thus, more focused and dedicated research is warranted to explore the effects of cosmetics on oxidative stress, glycoxidation of biomolecules, and photoproducts accumulation for its total human safety.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative-Stress-Induced Cellular Toxicity and Glycoxidation of Biomolecules by Cosmetic Products under Sunlight Exposure

Mujtaba¹,

Masih²,

Alqasmi

et al. 2021

Antioxidants

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“…For example, the dye CI 17200, which is identified by the FDA code as red No. 33 and assigned to the nitrogen chromophore group [114], can release amines, which are considered to be carcinogenic [115]. The dye CI 19140 (Yellow No.…”

Section: Dyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dye CI 19140 (Yellow No. 5, tetrazine), which belongs to the azo chromophore group [113,114], has been limited in the European Union in products for children, because it causes them to be hyperactive, and in hair dye products [21,116]. Tetrazine can also lead to dermatitis, anaphylaxis, and itching of the lips and tongue [117].…”

Section: Dyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CI 47005 (Yellow No. 10) is assigned to the quinoline chromophore group [114]. This dye can be genotoxic when absorbed through the skin [118].…”

Section: Dyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This dye can be genotoxic when absorbed through the skin [118]. The dye CI 16255 (red code 4R) belongs to the azo chromophore group [114] and can cause sensitization by itself or in combination with sunset yellow [119]. CI 15985 (Yellow No.…”

Section: Dyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health Effects of Dyes, Minerals, and Vitamins Used in Cosmetics

Wargala

Sławska

Zalewska

et al. 2021

Women

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The average woman uses 12 different cosmetic products every day, but they can have a negative effect on human health. Therefore, in recent years, consumer preferences have changed towards buying natural or ecological cosmetics free from preservatives or unnecessary dyes. The aim of this work is to discuss the use of dyes, minerals, and vitamins in cosmetics in terms of their safety and impact on human health. These substances are very important in the cosmetics industry. Most of them are of natural origin. Some minerals used in the production of face masks or creams are recommended to work against inflammations such as ulcers and acne. Clay minerals have exceptional qualities, among others, low or no toxicity and high bio-compatibility. However, some of them may be harmful. For example, the safety of using talc has been widely debated in recent years. Cosmetic-grade talc cannot contain detectable fibrous asbestos minerals. Moreover, talc should not be applied to the skin when the epidermal barrier is missing or significantly disrupted. The use of talc in cosmetic products in the European Union is restricted. Vitamins are one of the most commonly used, biologically active, and easily accessible components in cosmetics. For example, provitamin B5 (D-panthenol) is a bioactive substance. In cosmetic preparations, it has a softening, repairing, and anti-inflammatory effect and is responsible for regulating sebum secretion. However, some vitamins may be harmful to human health. For example, the use of skin-whitening cosmetics containing vitamin C causes allergic contact dermatitis, whereas the most common adverse effect of topical use of vitamin A is skin irritation, erythema, and peeling. Dyes, which are used to color cosmetics, do not improve the condition of the skin, hair, or nails. Some of them may be harmful to human health. For example, the dye CI 60730 (Acid Violet 43) is prohibited for use in eye products and cosmetics that have contact with mucous membranes. In conclusion, some of the popular cosmetic ingredients discussed in this paper may exert a negative influence on human health, and many of these harmful effects have been discovered recently. Therefore, there is a need for further studies on the possible negative effects of dyes, minerals, and vitamins used in cosmetic products.

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