Cosmic-ray-produced S<sup>36</sup>and S<sup>33</sup>in the metallic phase of iron meteorites

Hulston, J.R.; Thode, H. G.

doi:10.1029/jz070i018p04435

Cited by 56 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Our data for group IAB includes five chemically (and possibly genetically) distinct subgroups (2). Collectively, all of the iron meteorites examined have overlapping δ 34 S values consistent with those reported by previous studies (9,10), ranging from −1.41‰ to +1.29‰ with an average of −0.01 ± 0.81‰ (2σ SD, 2s.d.) (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Early inner solar system origin for anomalous sulfur isotopes in differentiated protoplanets

Antonelli

Kim

Peters

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Achondrite meteorites have anomalous enrichments in 33 S, relative to chondrites, which have been attributed to photochemistry in the solar nebula. However, the putative photochemical reactions remain elusive, and predicted accompanying 33 S depletions have not previously been found, which could indicate an erroneous assumption regarding the origins of the 33 S anomalies, or of the bulk solar system S-isotope composition. Here, we report wellresolved anomalous 33 S depletions in IIIF iron meteorites (<−0.02 per mil), and 33 S enrichments in other magmatic iron meteorite groups. The 33 S depletions support the idea that differentiated planetesimals inherited sulfur that was photochemically derived from gases in the early inner solar system (<∼2 AU), and that bulk inner solar system S-isotope composition was chondritic (consistent with IAB iron meteorites, Earth, Moon, and Mars). The range of mass-independent sulfur isotope compositions may reflect spatial or temporal changes influenced by photochemical processes. A tentative correlation between S isotopes and Hf-W core segregation ages suggests that the two systems may be influenced by common factors, such as nebular location and volatile content.iron meteorites | sulfur isotopes | protoplanetary disk | solar system | photochemistry O f all of the extraterrestrial materials found on Earth, iron meteorites have always been the most conspicuous. Socalled "magmatic" iron meteorites are likely to be samples from the cores of magmatically differentiated protoplanetary parent bodies (1), whereas "nonmagmatic" iron meteorites are commonly suggested to sample solidified melt pockets that formed via impacts onto nondifferentiated (chondritic) parent bodies (2). Individual members from an iron meteorite group are assumed to derive from a common parent body, based on shared chemical and isotopic characteristics (1-4). Chemical and isotopic differences among the different iron groups provide convincing evidence that different individual parent body planetesimals incorporated genetically distinct precursor materials (1-4).Recent observations that several achondrite meteorite groups possess small, mass-independent 33 S enrichments relative to chondrites (5) have led to the conclusion that sulfur isotopes were heterogeneously distributed among the materials that accreted to form early solar system planetesimals. This observation, coupled with the ancient 182 Hf-182 W ages (within 1-3 My of solar system formation) of magmatic irons (6-8), provides impetus to search for systematic variations in mass-independent sulfur isotope compositions among the iron groups. ResultsWe report high-precision δ 34 S, Δ 33 S, and Δ 36 S data (where Δ 33 S = 1000 × {δ 33 S -[(δ 34 S + 1) 0.515 − 1]} and Δ 36 S = 1000 × {δ 36 S -[(δ 34 S + 1) 1.9 − 1]}) for 61 troilite (FeS) nodules extracted from 58 different iron meteorites selected from eight different groups (IAB, IC, IIAB, IIE, IIIAB, IIIF, IVA, and IVB) (Fig. 1, Fig. S1, and Tables S1 and S2). All groups except for IAB and IIE have been classi...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Early inner solar system origin for anomalous sulfur isotopes in differentiated protoplanets

Antonelli

Kim

Peters

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…⌬ Ϫ 1]) used in previous studies when isotopic compositions are near zero (Farquhar and others, 2000;. We use a value of 0.515 for [33][34] RFL to remain consistent with prior studies (for example Hulston and Thode, 1965).…”

Section: Isotopic Notationmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Many fractionation processes depend strongly on the relative mass difference between the isotopes, resulting in highly correlated variations for ␦ 33 SЈ and ␦ 34 SЈ (Hulston and Thode, 1965;Farquhar and others, 2003). These variations are described by [33][34] …”

Section: Isotopic Notationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple sulfur isotope fractionations in biological systems: A case study with sulfate reducers and sulfur disproportionators

Johnston

Farquhar

Wing

et al. 2005

American Journal of Science

188

161

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ABSTRACT. Multiple sulfur isotope measurements of sulfur compounds associated with dissimilatory sulfate reduction, elemental sulfur disproportionation and sulfite disproportionation indicate that different types of metabolic processes impart different multiple isotope signatures. An established network for sulfate reduction was used previously to explain the multiple isotope variability. Here, we revisit that treatment and expand it to branching networks representative of biological sulfur disproportionation, in an attempt to understand multiple sulfur isotope fractionations associated with that metabolism. We use this context to interpret experimental data for both sulfate reducers and sulfur compound disproportionators. We explore the types of information about material flow through these metabolic processes that can be extracted by using multiple sulfur isotope data. The different multiple sulfur isotope relationships (⌬ 33 S and ) allow various metabolic processes to be distinguished from one another, even when ␦ 34 S fractionations are similar, providing a tool that can be used to interpret and identify different types of biological sulfur fractionations in the geologic record.

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“…The reported values of D 33 S CDT and D 36 S CDT for these materials typically are ±0.05 and ±0.1&, respectively. Much larger D 33 S and D 36 S values are reported from some components of trace sulfur in metal phases of iron meteorites (Hulston and Thode, 1965a;Gao and Thiemens, 1991), sulfonic acid in carbonaceous chondrites (Cooper et al, 1997), and sulfide and sulfate sulfur in Martian meteorites (Farquhar et al, 2000c;Greenwood et al, 2000). Excess 33 S and 36 S in metal phases of iron meteorites is thought to be an effect of nuclear spallation (Gao and Thiemens, 1991), and mass-independent isotope signatures in Martian meteorites and sulfonic acid in carbonaceous chondrite are thought to be a result of gas phase photochemical reactions (Cooper et al, 1997;Farquhar et al, 2000c).…”

Section: S Of Primordial Sulfurmentioning

confidence: 91%

Mass-dependent fractionation of quadruple stable sulfur isotope system as a new tracer of sulfur biogeochemical cycles

Ono

Wing

Johnston

et al. 2006

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

313

265

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Cosmic-ray-produced S³⁶and S³³in the metallic phase of iron meteorites

Cited by 56 publications

References 16 publications

Early inner solar system origin for anomalous sulfur isotopes in differentiated protoplanets

Early inner solar system origin for anomalous sulfur isotopes in differentiated protoplanets

Multiple sulfur isotope fractionations in biological systems: A case study with sulfate reducers and sulfur disproportionators

Mass-dependent fractionation of quadruple stable sulfur isotope system as a new tracer of sulfur biogeochemical cycles

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Cosmic-ray-produced S36and S33in the metallic phase of iron meteorites

Cited by 56 publications

References 16 publications

Early inner solar system origin for anomalous sulfur isotopes in differentiated protoplanets

Early inner solar system origin for anomalous sulfur isotopes in differentiated protoplanets

Multiple sulfur isotope fractionations in biological systems: A case study with sulfate reducers and sulfur disproportionators

Mass-dependent fractionation of quadruple stable sulfur isotope system as a new tracer of sulfur biogeochemical cycles

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Cosmic-ray-produced S³⁶and S³³in the metallic phase of iron meteorites