Cost Analysis for Conversionof Conventional Vehicle into Plug-InHybrid Electric Vehicle

Gujarathi, Pritam Keshavdas; Shah, Varsha A.; Lokhande, Makarand M.

doi:10.13052/jge1904-4720.843

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Meanwhile, the occurrence frequency of impact load is presumed relatively small, and for that consideration, the torque correction factor is taken as Kt=1.5. The minimum shaft diameter ds is calculated with (10) [30]:…”

Section: Rotor Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies related to retrofitting systems having electrical machine components include transportation systems, industrial machinery, and power generation systems. Several studies regarding retrofitting of transportation systems and industrial machinery are: hybrid retrofits in the power coupling arrangement, namely between the internal combustion engine and in-wheel motors without mechanical equipment but directly done by the vehicle, compared to conventional parallel hybrid electric vehicle [9], converting the combustion engine vehicle into the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (EV) [10], upgrading gasoline cars to EV using the new powertrain [11], describing a method for transforming a vehicle's conventional drivetrain into an electrically based power unit [12], conducting a field experiment of an immobile retrofitted EV battery for grid balancing [13], suggesting to improve a shaft generator frequency converter to save fuel while operating a boat by connecting it to the primary switchboard [14], retrofitting the existing computer numerical control (CNC) machines to do modest manufacturing process by employing the Arduino platform [15], and improving the performance of a machine vision system of former tractors to make it possible to control tillage tools and enable real-time field operations [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility analysis of the conversion of brushed to brushless direct current motor

Irasari

Widiyanto²,

Muqorobin³

et al. 2023

IJECE

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<span lang="EN-US">This paper analyzes the feasibility of converting brushed direct current (BDC) to brushless direct current (BLDC) motor by substituting the wound rotor with a permanent magnet. The aim is to overcome the low quality of rewinding of wound rotors. The conversion was performed by redesigning the motor, referring to the old stator dimensions and motor specifications. Some suitable speed control systems were also examined. Technical analysis was executed by simulating motor characteristics, covering torque-speed curve, cogging, and ripple torques. Afterward, an economic analysis was done to determine the cost of making one rotor unit and the speed control and then compare it with the price of a new BDC motor with equivalent power. The results show that the motor produces 3.6 kW, 18.86 V, 176.71 A, and 28.53 Nm at 2,460 rpm with 2 phases configuration. The maximum cogging torque is 2.9 Nm. The cost of making one rotor unit plus speed control is higher than that of a new BDC motor. These results show that it is technically feasible to convert BDC into a BLDC motor but not economically or vice versa.</span>

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Section: Rotor Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility analysis of the conversion of brushed to brushless direct current motor

Irasari

Widiyanto²,

Muqorobin³

et al. 2023

IJECE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been concluded that lower conversion budgets and sustainable operational gains can be an advantage, especially due to reductions in battery costs. 21 In another study conducted by Gujarathiet al, 22 which was stated that an efficient and sustainable personal transportation solution was provided by converting a diesel Tata Indica model car into a plug-in hybrid vehicle. Despite the fuel economy, strong torque, and lower emission rates of electric vehicles, increasing battery sizes are considered as a weight factor.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel on the retrofit from CNG buses to electric buses for rubber-tyred wheeled public transportation systems

Topal

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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The trend toward electric buses worldwide is increasing day by day. Along with it, sectoral infrastructure elements are developing rapidly. Electric buses offer advantages in terms of operating costs and environmental emission values. Despite this, the most important disadvantage is that the purchasing costs have not yet reached the expected level compared to other internal combustion engine buses. Many country and especially city-based targets have been determined for electric solutions in rubber-tyred public transportation systems in the world. Only in Shenzhen city of China, 100% transition to electric bus solution has been achieved in public transportation. In this study, a different perspective has been put forward for the acceleration of the transition to the use of electric buses and the increase in the prevalence of public transportation enterprises. The concept of retrofit. This is conversions of the conventional powered (diesel and CNG) buses into electric buses, which are currently used. For the concept in paper, the actual project costs for one of the world’s most important public transportation companies have been revealed. According to the analysis results obtained, for Payback Period (PB) method are based on a fleet of 100 vehicles in total, the return time of the investment required for the results based on this approach which retrofit from CNG to Electric, is calculated as 8.74 years. For the Payback Period (PB) approach, it has been concluded that for the 5 years, which is envisaged to be taken as a reference, retrofit concept (from CNG to Electric) should be based on 100000 € per vehicle based on the current operating conditions. This retrofit approach based on the concept of sustainable public transportation is expected to become widespread with the results obtained.

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“…Since e-vehicles are ecologic and environment friendly, all countries worldwide have reoriented their policies toward electrification of their transport sectors that already suffer from greenhouse gas emissions. This has led to extensive research on topics related to the field of hybrid electric vehicles such as: the control of electric propulsion systems [1][2][3][4], energy management [5][6][7][8], power electronics [9], power train architecture [10], vehicle safety [11], intelligent vehicle control [12,13], HEV fuel optimization [14], and HEV machine design [15]. Currently, the latter research topic is among the greatest trends in the field of automotive engineering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in HEV applications, power source operating points are set via power management algorithms. Equations ( 9) and (10) show, respectively, that each of the n power sources and traction motors shown in Figure 2 can be operated at n distinct operating points. It is worth noting that the number of operating points of a given power source or traction motor depends on the problem under study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi Source Electric Vehicles: Smooth Transition Algorithm for Transient Ripple Minimization

Oubelaid

Taib

Rekioua

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Any engineering system involves transitions that reduce the performance of the system and lower its comfort. In the field of automotive engineering, the combination of multiple motors and multiple power sources is a trend that is being used to enhance hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) propulsion and autonomy. However, HEV riding comfort is significantly reduced because of high peaks that occur during the transition from a single power source to a multisource powering mode or from a single motor to a multiple motor traction mode. In this study, a novel model-based soft transition algorithm (STA) is used for the suppression of large transient ripples that occur during HEV drivetrain commutations and power source switches. In contrast to classical abrupt switching, the STA detects transitions, measures their rates, generates corresponding transition periods, and uses adequate transition functions to join the actual and the targeted operating points of a given HEV system variable. As a case study, the STA was applied to minimize the transition ripples that occur in a fuel cell-supercapacitor HEV. The transitions that occurred within the HEV were handled using two proposed transition functions which were: a linear-based transition function and a stair-based transition function. The simulation results show that, in addition to its ability to improve driving comfort by minimizing transient torque ripples and DC bus voltage fluctuations, the STA helps to increase the lifetime of the motor and power sources by reducing the currents drawn during the transitions. It is worth noting that the considered HEV runs on four-wheel drive when the load torque applied on it exceeds a specified torque threshold; otherwise, it operates in rear-wheel drive.

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Cost Analysis for Conversionof Conventional Vehicle into Plug-InHybrid Electric Vehicle

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Feasibility analysis of the conversion of brushed to brushless direct current motor

Feasibility analysis of the conversion of brushed to brushless direct current motor

A novel on the retrofit from CNG buses to electric buses for rubber-tyred wheeled public transportation systems

Multi Source Electric Vehicles: Smooth Transition Algorithm for Transient Ripple Minimization

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