Cost analysis of carbon capture and storage for current gas‐fired power plants in Nigeria

Abstract

This study examined the cost of adopting carbon capture and storage (CCS) as a technology when retrofitting current gas‐fired plants in Nigeria to reduce CO2 emissions. Studies show that Nigeria has abandoned or depleted oil fields; it has large coal reserves that are potential sites for CO2 storage. Five power plants with capacities of 1074, 675, 624, 480, and 191 MW were studied using the Integrated Environmental Control Model (IECM) 9.5. The IECM 9.5 was calibrated using available data and some default values to model the performance and cost of retrofitting the power plants. The transport and storage system chosen was pipeline and enhance oil recovery (EOR). The results show that net plant efficiency, CO2 emission rate, quantity of CO2 captured, and CCS energy penalty are 35.78 ± 1.69%, 0.0668 ± 0.0138 kg MWh−1, 0.4478 ± 0.0274 kg MWh−1, and 0.2588 ± 0.0386%, respectively. The results also show that total capital requirement, cost of electricity, and percentage increase in cost of electricity were 1888.2 ± 336.9 $ kW−1, 114.44 ± 10.15 $ MWh−1, and 52.04 ± 3.58%, respectively. In the same manner, the cost of CO2 avoided, cost of capture, and added cost of CCS were 84.442 ± 27.73 $ MWh−1, 60.02 ± 22.51 $ tonne−1, and 28.44 ± 10.16 $ MWh−1, respectively. Further analysis shows that it would be advantageous to retrofit 1074 MW plants because this has a 46.51% increase in cost, which is lower than the cost for the other retrofitted plants. The total CO2 emission rate dropped from 0.4282 ± 0.014 to 0.0668 ± 0.0138 kg MWh−1; this drop is significant as it shows that CCS can reduce the amount of CO2 emitted from Nigeria. The study recommends that CCS is a viable CO2 emission‐reduction alternative but incentives must be put in place to cushion the high cost of electricity. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Process modifications for a hot potassium carbonate‐based CO2capture system: a comparative study

“…1 Although the use of renewables for energy generation and efficient end-use of fuel and electricity are anticipated to have the greatest impacts on emission reductions, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is admittedly necessary to attain the goals set by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2,3 Consistent with the International Energy Agency (IEA) modelling, CCS is able to contribute to 13% of the cumulative emission reductions needed by 2060 to restrict the global average temperature rise to 2°C. This makes CCS the third-largest clean energy technology behind efficient energy use (39%) and renewable energy production (36%).…”

“…Scientists of the climate change community attribute global warming to anthropogenic activities, which have largely contributed to the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs), especially carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), in the environment . Although the use of renewables for energy generation and efficient end‐use of fuel and electricity are anticipated to have the greatest impacts on emission reductions, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is admittedly necessary to attain the goals set by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) . Consistent with the International Energy Agency (IEA) modelling, CCS is able to contribute to 13% of the cumulative emission reductions needed by 2060 to restrict the global average temperature rise to 2°C.…”

Energy Scenarios for Ambitious and Effective Nigerian’s Nationally Determined Contributions

“…Given the vast amount of gas reserves in the country and the current sunk cost in the gas-fired power generation, which currently accounts for the power generation in the country, it is difficult to see how the energy portfolio can shift significantly away from natural gas in the near future. Therefore, a key aspect of the low carbon development policy should be to figure out ways to reduce the carbon emission implications of gas-fired power generation through the application of downstream technology, carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) for example (Ugwuishiwu et al, 2019). The CCS is a proven global technology that is used to make fossil fuel-fired conventional power plants environmentally friendly.…”