Cost–Benefit Analysis of Onsite Residential Graywater Recycling: A Case Study on the City of Los Angeles

Yu, Zita L.T.; DeShazo, J.R.; Stenstrom, Michael K.; Cohen, Yoram

doi:10.5942/jawwa.2015.107.0124

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This finding emphasizes a social problem on the questionable hygienic conditions of GWR. This is also seen in the study conducted by Yu et al (2016) that underlines the requirement of providing some financial incentives on the GWR systems to encourage the utility of GW. Most recently, Al-Saidi (2021) and Al-Khatib et al (2022) outlined the knowledge about the social acceptance of reuse applications.…”

Section: Typology (C): Hotelmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Climate change adaptation exertions on the use of alternative water resources in Antalya, Türkiye

Kilinc

Tanık²,

Hanedar³

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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This study presents the payback periods of applying rainwater harvesting (RWH) and/or graywater reuse (GWR) systems as alternative water resources in different building typologies, such as a hospital, shopping mall, and hotel. These buildings are under operation in the Antalya Province of Türkiye, which is a large city having the densest tourism activities. The significance of the work performed through the cost-benefit analyses for the selected case studies basically lies on the water savings while serving to four of the sustainable development goals, namely, clean water and sanitation, sustainable cities and communities, responsible consumption and production, and climate action. These efforts may be considered valuable urban-based solutions toward climate change effects. Thorough surveys on the existing selected typologies are conducted regarding their water consumption and probable water savings via reuse activities. As-built plumbing projects and plans are also investigated during the accomplishment of the comprehensive design work leading to the calculation of the total investment and operation costs of the rainwater harvesting and graywater reuse practices. The up-to-date prices are used in monetary terms, and euro currency is used to make the results more meaningful by the interested parties. All the selected typologies undergo cost-benefit analysis for both of the alternative water reuse systems. The payback periods are calculated as 6, 2, and 9 years for RWH and as 5, 6, and 9 years for GWR for the hospital, shopping mall, and the hotel, respectively. The water savings for RWH varied between 20% and 50% whereas for GWR, the range was 48%–99%. Both of the systems are performed for the shopping mall simultaneously, and the resulting payback period is found to be 5 years, and water saving reached 72%. Recent information on the amortization periods in the literature states that less than a decade demonstrates achievable and highly acceptable applications. As such, the design attempts in this study also correlated with these findings. However, feasibility of these practices may be increased by encouraging the public on their utility and benefit of water savings. As is the case in many of the developed countries, incentives like tax reductions and even exemptions may be realized to achieve better applicability of these alternative technologies.

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Section: Typology (C): Hotelmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In some settlements, voluntary practices are encouraged through incentives such as tax breaks, grants, and permit exemptions (Bell, 2018;SF, 2022). Some authorities may require contractors to install dualplumbing systems to accommodate future GWR (Yu et al, 2016).…”

Section: Graywater Reuse (Gwr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change adaptation exertions on the use of alternative water resources in Antalya, Türkiye

Kilinc

Tanık²,

Hanedar³

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…In Australia, a combination of alternative water supplies and water-efficient appliances saves up to 77% of total potable water use [11]. In Los Angeles, greywater recovery reduces potable water demand by 27% in single-family buildings and 38% in multi-family buildings [30].…”

Section: Discussion With Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Greywater Recovery Systems in European Single-Family Buildings: Economic and Environmental Impacts

Rajski,

Englart,

Sohani

2024

Sustainability

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This study explores the integration of greywater recovery systems (GRSs) within single-family buildings across European countries. The analysis evaluates the impacts of these systems from multiple perspectives: potable water conservation, economic feasibility, energy consumption, and environmental impact. Employing life cycle cost (LCC) and net present value (NPV) analyses, the research assesses the economic viability of these systems compared to standard water installations. Positive NPV is observed in countries such as Belgium, Germany, Denmark, Finland, and Norway, according to the base scenario. Additionally, the implementation of subsidies can enhance economic incentives for adopting GRSs by reducing the payback period (PBP). Significant findings include reductions in potable water demand by up to 43.0%, and energy savings of up to 42.6% are also observed with the use of GRSs. Additionally, notably lower carbon dioxide emissions (CDEs) were reported, with reductions being directly proportional to the decreases in energy use. This holistic approach aims to establish frameworks for decision-making processes, emphasizing that economic and environmental aspects are mutually complementary and significant.

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“…As a result, behavioral economics incorporates psychology into classical economics to explain the disparity [62]. The cost-benefit analysis technique, which is based on behavioral economics, is useful in analyzing recycling-related decision-making behavior, such as the recycling of resource materials [63], the construction of reverse logistics systems [64], the recycling of onsite residential graywater [65], the recycling of e-waste [66], the recycling of waste photovoltaic modules [67], and the construction of a municipal solid waste recycling facility [55].…”

Section: Variables Study Architecture and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumer Willingness to Recycle The Wasted Batteries of Electric Vehicles in the Era of Circular Economy

Guo¹,

Huang²

2023

Sustainability

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Electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly being used for the benefit of the environment and to foster the development of a low-carbon circular economy. However, compared to internal combustion engine cars, spent EV batteries (WBEVs) constitute a different form of waste, and their recycling mechanism is still in its early stages. WBEV consumer willingness to recycle is an issue in a circular economy in which EV users should be WBEV recycling pioneers. The purpose of this article is to develop an analytical model for consumers’ desire to return WBEVs for recycling, based on the circular economy and consumer welfare, in order to investigate consumer incentives for the construction of a WBEV recycling system. PLS-SEM was used for the analysis, and the results revealed the following. First, both the perception of government policy and environmental attitudes have significant positive causal effects on consumers’ intentions to recycle. Second, the perception of benefits has a significant positive mediating effect on recycling intention, whereas the perception of loss has a significant negative mediating effect. Third, the multigroup analysis found that, with the exception of gender, the variables of age, income, education, area of residence, recycling experiences, and EV ownership all have substantial moderating impacts, although their routes and directions vary considerably. Recycling policies must be appropriate for consumers, and this has policy consequences for the circular economy. Environmental education and incentives should be provided to increase consumer knowledge and willingness to recycle. Big data might help with the design of a WBEV recycling system. It is necessary to create an intelligent recycling platform, cross-regional recycling collaboration, and smart logistics for WBEVs. Further, the battery refill mechanism of energy replenishment might encourage the recycling of WBEVs.

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Cost–Benefit Analysis of Onsite Residential Graywater Recycling: A Case Study on the City of Los Angeles

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Climate change adaptation exertions on the use of alternative water resources in Antalya, Türkiye

Climate change adaptation exertions on the use of alternative water resources in Antalya, Türkiye

Analysis of Greywater Recovery Systems in European Single-Family Buildings: Economic and Environmental Impacts

Consumer Willingness to Recycle The Wasted Batteries of Electric Vehicles in the Era of Circular Economy

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