Cost Comparison of Capacitive Deionization and Reverse Osmosis for Brackish Water Desalination

Liu, Xitong; Shanbhag, Sneha; Bartholomew, Timothy V.; Whitacre, Jay; Mauter, Meagan S.

doi:10.1021/acsestengg.0c00094

Cited by 66 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Cost-Optimization Models. We use previously presented cost-optimization models of OARO, multistage MD, and multistage RO (4,14,20). Briefly, the cost-optimization models discretize mass and heat transport in module flow channels along the fluid-flow direction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For multistage processes, the optimal number of stages is found by iteratively solving the model with an increasing number of stages until the minimum LCOW is identified. Details on the process and financial parameters are described in our previous work (4,8,14,20).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The HPRO model uses the multistage RO cost-optimization model with additional modifications (20). First, we allow the operating pressure to reach 300 bar.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-impact innovations for high-salinity membrane desalination

Dudchenko

Bartholomew

Mauter

2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Reducing the cost of high-salinity (>75 g/L total dissolved solids) brine concentration technology would unlock the potential for vast inland water supplies and promote the safe management of concentrated aqueous waste streams. Impactful innovation will target component performance improvements and cost reductions that yield the highest impact on system costs, but the desalination community lacks methods for quantitatively evaluating the value of innovation or the robustness of technology platforms relative to competing technologies. This work proposes a suite of methods built on process-based cost optimization models that explicitly address the complexities of membrane-separation processes, namely that these processes comprise dozens of nonlinearly interacting components and that innovation can occur in more than one component at a time. We begin by demonstrating the merit of performing simple parametric sensitivity analysis on component performance and cost to guide the selection of materials and manufacturing methods that reduce system costs. A more rigorous implementation of this approach relates improvements in component performance to increases in component costs, helping to further discern high-impact innovation trajectories. The most advanced implementation includes a stochastic simulation of the value of innovation that accounts for both the expected impact of a component innovation on reducing system costs and the potential for improvements in other components. Finally, we apply these methods to identify innovations with the highest probability of substantially reducing the levelized cost of water from emerging membrane processes for high-salinity brine treatment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-impact innovations for high-salinity membrane desalination

Dudchenko

Bartholomew

Mauter

2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…(M)CDI performance has been largely assessed in laboratory studies, but they suggest that the technology can be competitive for the desalination of low-salinity brackish water [ 496 , 497 ]. In addition, (M)CDI typically exhibits a lower capital cost compared to RO [ 498 ] and is less susceptible to silica scaling, which can reduce maintenance costs. As noted previously, however, (M)CDI has exhibited higher energy consumption compared to ED and RO when treating brackish water under the same desalination conditions [ 9 , 469 , 470 ].…”

Section: Brackish Water Desalination: Which Technology To Choose?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontiers of Membrane Desalination Processes for Brackish Water Treatment: A Review

et al. 2021

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Climate change, population growth, and increased industrial activities are exacerbating freshwater scarcity and leading to increased interest in desalination of saline water. Brackish water is an attractive alternative to freshwater due to its low salinity and widespread availability in many water-scarce areas. However, partial or total desalination of brackish water is essential to reach the water quality requirements for a variety of applications. Selection of appropriate technology requires knowledge and understanding of the operational principles, capabilities, and limitations of the available desalination processes. Proper combination of feedwater technology improves the energy efficiency of desalination. In this article, we focus on pressure-driven and electro-driven membrane desalination processes. We review the principles, as well as challenges and recent improvements for reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), electrodialysis (ED), and membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI). RO is the dominant membrane process for large-scale desalination of brackish water with higher salinity, while ED and MCDI are energy-efficient for lower salinity ranges. Selective removal of multivalent components makes NF an excellent option for water softening. Brackish water desalination with membrane processes faces a series of challenges. Membrane fouling and scaling are the common issues associated with these processes, resulting in a reduction in their water recovery and energy efficiency. To overcome such adverse effects, many efforts have been dedicated toward development of pre-treatment steps, surface modification of membranes, use of anti-scalant, and modification of operational conditions. However, the effectiveness of these approaches depends on the fouling propensity of the feed water. In addition to the fouling and scaling, each process may face other challenges depending on their state of development and maturity. This review provides recent advances in the material, architecture, and operation of these processes that can assist in the selection and design of technologies for particular applications. The active research directions to improve the performance of these processes are also identified. The review shows that technologies that are tunable and particularly efficient for partial desalination such as ED and MCDI are increasingly competitive with traditional RO processes. Development of cost-effective ion exchange membranes with high chemical and mechanical stability can further improve the economy of desalination with electro-membrane processes and advance their future applications.

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“…The widespread electrification of society, which is required to reach net-zero CO 2 emissions and is being driven by the dramatically decreasing cost of electricity from solar and wind (Haegel et al, 2017), requires energy-dense durable batteries and fuel cells for the transportation sector (Crabtree, 2019), and inexpensive electrolyzers to produce hydrogen gas as a feedstock chemical and fuel for long-distance transport and long-duration grid-scale energy storage (Dowling et al, 2020). Capacitive deionization is a promising route for desalination and separations (Liu et al, 2020) and organic electrosynthetic cells may improve chemical processes (Minteer and Baran, 2020). Ionselective polymer membranes, a core electrochemical technology, are essential for these and other applications (Strathmann, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinvigorating electrochemistry education

2021

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Electrochemistry is an established discipline with modern frontiers spanning energy conversion and storage, neuroscience, and organic synthesis. In spite of the expanding opportunities for academic and industrial electrochemists, particularly in the growing energy-storage sector, rigorous training of electrochemists is generally lacking at academic institutions in the United States. In this perspective, we highlight the core concepts of electrochemistry and discuss ways in which it has been historically taught. We identify challenges faced when teaching inherently interdisciplinary electrochemical concepts and discuss how technology provides new tools for teaching, such as inexpensive electronics and open-source software, to help address these challenges. Finally, we outline example programs and discuss how new tools and approaches can be brought together to prepare scientists and engineers for careers in electrochemical technology where they can accelerate the research, development, and deployment of the clean energy technology essential to combat climate change in the coming decades.

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Cost Comparison of Capacitive Deionization and Reverse Osmosis for Brackish Water Desalination

Cited by 66 publications

References 72 publications

High-impact innovations for high-salinity membrane desalination

High-impact innovations for high-salinity membrane desalination

Frontiers of Membrane Desalination Processes for Brackish Water Treatment: A Review

Reinvigorating electrochemistry education

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