Cost Comparisons of Backhaul Transport Technologies for 5G Fixed Wireless Access

Xie, Weisheng; Mao, Nien-Tai; Rundberget, Kirsten

doi:10.1109/5gwf.2018.8516977

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The FWA is based on the notion of broadband services (internet access, voice, and video) provision to the households and Small and Medium-sized Enterprises using wireless mobile network technologies instead of cable or fixed-line systems [8,27,151,[239][240][241] as discussed in Section 2.1. In FWA technology, an access unit attached to the street or parking sign connects wirelessly to an Rx being deployed in the subscriber property.…”

Section: Fixed Wireless Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Enhanced Mobile Broadband Communications: A Tutorial on Enabling Technologies, Design Considerations, and Prospects of 5G and beyond Fixed Wireless Access Networks

et al. 2021

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There has been a growing interconnection across the world owing to various multimedia applications and services. Fixed wireless access (FWA) is an attractive wireless solution for delivering multimedia services to different homes. With the fifth-generation (5G) and beyond mobile networks, the FWA performance can be enhanced significantly. However, their implementation will present different challenges on the transport network due to the incessant increase in the number of required cell-sites and the subsequent increase in the per-site requirements. This paper presents a comprehensive tutorial on the enabling technologies, design considerations, requirements, and prospects of broadband schemes. Furthermore, the related technical challenges of FWA are reviewed, and we proffer potential solutions to address them. Besides, we review various transport network options that can be employed for FWA deployment. In this regard, we offer an in-depth discussion on their related requirements for different use cases. Moreover, we give an insight into the 3GPP RAN functional split implementations and implications on the 5G FWA transport network solutions. The concepts of virtualized RANs for attending flexibly to the dynamic nature of different use cases are also presented.

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Section: Fixed Wireless Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Enhanced Mobile Broadband Communications: A Tutorial on Enabling Technologies, Design Considerations, and Prospects of 5G and beyond Fixed Wireless Access Networks

et al. 2021

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“…The potential domains that can be explored to meet the challenge of making the ultra-fast mobile broadband as affordable to further enable the smooth provision of different societal and other interesting services can be identified as: i) infrastructure sharing, ii) Neutral hosting, iii) unlicensed spectrum utilization, iv) locationbased spectrum licensing, v) energy-efficient networking, vi) wireless backhauling, vii) infrastructure cost reduction through softwarization and virtualization of the network functions, and viii) data sharing. Furthermore, in [17], a comparison of different potential technologies for the provision of network backhaul has been conducted. The fixed wireless backhaul is suggested as the most cost-effective solution for high cost fibers, while the utilization of low cost fibers has been suggested to result in direct-fiber technology as the most costeffective solution.…”

Section: B Potential Solutions For 5g Affordabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Short- and Long-Term Disruptions and Transformative Impacts of 5G and Beyond Wireless Networks: Lessons Learnt From the Development of a 5G Testbed Environment

et al. 2020

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The capacity and coverage requirements for 5G and beyond wireless connectivity will be significantly different from the predecessor networks. To meet these requirements, the anticipated deployment cost in the UK is predicted to be in between £30bn-£50bn, whereas the current annual capital expenditure (CapEX) of the mobile network operators (MNOs) is £2.5bn. This prospect has vastly impacted and has become one of the major delaying factors for building the 5G physical infrastructure, whereas other areas of 5G developments are progressing at their speeds. Due to the expensive and complicated nature of the physical network infrastructure and spectrum, the second-tier operators, widely known as mobile virtual network operators (MVNO), are entirely dependent on the MNOs. In this paper, an extensive study is conducted to explore the possibilities of reducing the 5G deployment cost and developing business models. This study suggests that the use of existing public infrastructure (e.g., streetlights, telephone poles, etc.) has a great potential to contribute to a reduction of about 40% to 60% anticipated cost for the 5G network. This paper also reviews the recent Ofcom initiatives to release location-based licenses of the 5G-compatible radio spectrum at a nominal cost. Our study suggests that simplification of infrastructure and spectrum will encourage the exponential growth of scenario-specific cellular networks and will potentially disrupt the current business models of telecommunication business stakeholders -specifically MNOs and TowerCos. These scenario-specific networks are expected to be: a) private networks, b) community networks, and c) microoperators. Furthermore, due to the feasibility of dense device connectivity with 5G, the resolution of traditional and nontraditional data availability will increase significantly. This will encourage extensive data harvesting as a business opportunity and function within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as well as within large social networks. Consequently, the rise of new infrastructures and spectrum stakeholders is anticipated. This will fuel the development of a 5G data exchange ecosystem where data transactions are deemed to be high-value business commodities. The privacy and security of such data, as well as definitions of the associated revenue models and ownership, are challenging areas -and these have yet to emerge and mature fully. In this direction, this paper proposes the development of a unified data hub with layered structured privacy and security along with blockchain and encrypted off-chain based ownership/royalty

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“…Despite the advantages of small cells, such as reduced intercell interference, better uplink capacity due to lower path losses, and improved macro cell reliability [5], small cell infrastructure is often costly to deploy. Specifically, meeting the stringent backhaul latency and data rate requirements (>1 Gb/s) is difficult and expensive, especially when new optical fiber connections are required [6]. Providing better mobile network capacity indoors can also be achieved with relays (decode-and-forward) or with repeaters (amplify-and-forward).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adding Indoor Capacity without Fiber Backhaul: An mmWave Bridge Prototype

2021

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Today, a large portion of the mobile data traffic is consumed behind the shielding walls of buildings or in the Faraday cage of trains. This renders cellular network coverage from outdoor cell sites difficult. Indoor small cells and distributed antennas along train tracks are often considered as a solution, but the cost and the need for optical fiber backhaul are often prohibitive. To alleviate this issue, we describe an out-of-band repeater that converts a sub-6 GHz cell signal from a small cell installed at a cell tower to a mmWave frequency for the fronthaul to buildings or distributed antenna sites, where the signal is downconverted to the original frequency and emitted for example inside a building. This concept does not require fiber deployment, provides backward compatibility to equipment already in use, and additional indoor capacity is gained while outdoor networks are offloaded. The architecture and hardware prototype implementation are described, and measurements are reported to demonstrate the functionality and compatibility with commercial infrastructure and mobile terminals.

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Cost Comparisons of Backhaul Transport Technologies for 5G Fixed Wireless Access

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

Towards Enhanced Mobile Broadband Communications: A Tutorial on Enabling Technologies, Design Considerations, and Prospects of 5G and beyond Fixed Wireless Access Networks

Towards Enhanced Mobile Broadband Communications: A Tutorial on Enabling Technologies, Design Considerations, and Prospects of 5G and beyond Fixed Wireless Access Networks

The Potential Short- and Long-Term Disruptions and Transformative Impacts of 5G and Beyond Wireless Networks: Lessons Learnt From the Development of a 5G Testbed Environment

Adding Indoor Capacity without Fiber Backhaul: An mmWave Bridge Prototype

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