“…However, the interactions between the Product and Building levels standards are not fully integrated (Paleari et al, 2012), and there is a potential issue to integrate the LCC and LCA seamlessly for assessing refurbishment alternatives due to a lack of interoperability in datasets between the two standards (BRE, 2016). Consequently, researchers have undertaken studies to examine a way to integrate LCA and LCC, and recognised the potential solution in a Building Information Modelling (BIM) system as a data integration complementary platform between LCC and LCA methods (Liu and Issa, 2014;Ortiz et al, 2016). Basbagill et al (2013) and Crawley et al (2008) argue the potential use of BIM to improve current practice of refurbishments because BIM is capable of enhancing collaboration and integration of project information among stakeholders by improving the overall information flow throughout a project life cycle (Eastman et al, 2011;Wong and Fan, 2013).…”