Cost‐effective cellulase production, improvement strategies, and future challenges

Abstract

The most abundant biopolymer accessible on earth is lignocellulose. The hydrolysis of lignocelluloses is completed through enzyme groups such as ligninases, hemicelluloses, and cellulases as independently and together called lignocellulolytic enzymes. This review is focused on dealing with enhanced production of cellulose using modern techniques like strain improvement, consolidated bioprocessing, metabolic engineering, and recombinant technology, and defines the technology to boost the enzyme activity and its yield. Furthermore, the restrains linked with the production of cellulolytic enzyme and the direction of upcoming research to offer a complete strategy to improve cellulase yield with novel properties for industrial application at cost‐effective levels are mentioned.Practical applicationsCellulase is a complex enzyme consisting of an endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and β‐D‐glucosidase which acts in combination to release a small unit of glucose. Cellulase has vast potential in the industrial sector especially in the food and beverage as well as paper and pulp industries. The parameters such as strain improvement and heterologous gene expression are involved to enhance the cellulase production. This review discusses the cost‐effective production of cellulolytic enzyme and also emphasizes the limitations and future prospects of this enzyme production on a large scale.

Identification, characterization and hydrolase producing performance of thermophilic bacteria: geothermal hot springs in the Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia Regions of Turkey

“…They are also some of the most effective proteolytic and carbohydrate sources. They meet the enzyme needs in many areas such as the production of starch, bread, fruit juice, paper bleaching and brewing (Bhati and Sharma 2021 ; Kurt and Cekmecelioglu 2021 ; Singh et al 2021 ). For this reason, many enzymes synthesized by Bacillus species are used in many areas in the industry (Oztas Gulmus and Gormez 2020b ).…”

Effects of different amounts of cellulase on the microstructure and soluble substances of cotton stalk bark

“…Biological enzymes have become important products of biotechnology due to their mild reaction, high catalytic reaction efficiency, and strong specificity. Among them, cellulase is a kind of complex catalytic enzyme, including endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and β-glucosidase, which hydrolyzes cellulose into glucose units [85]. Jin et al discussed the promotion of water-soluble lignin on cellulase hydrolysis [86].…”

Bioprocessing of Agricultural Waste (Banana Pseudostem) by Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) for Production of Cellulase

“…Cellulose represents about 1.5 × 10 12 tons of biomass produced by photosynthesis and is most inexhaustible raw material source for different products [1]. Cellulose is the most dominating agricultural waste and is considered as abundant and renewable biopolymer present on planet earth [2].…”

“…A most prospective use of cellulase is the conversion of cellulosic or lignocellulosic raw materials to other fermentable sugars and glucose, which acts as a microbial carbon source for different bioproduct production like single cell proteins and ethanol [31,32]. Commercial production of enzyme cellulases can be achieved by either solid [3] or submerged fermentation process [1] culture including batch, fed batch, and continuous fermentation processes [3].Various statistical tools or methods are used in order to optimize production of cellulase or biomolecules by using fermentation process [33,34,35].…”