Cost effective thermoelectric composites from recycled carbon fibre: From waste to energy

Jagadish, Priyanka; Khalid, Mohammad; Lau, Phei Li; Hajibeigy, Mohammad Taghi; Amin, Nowshad; Walvekar, Rashmi; Chan, Andy

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.238

Cited by 42 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The average particle size is 0.1 μm, 100 times smaller than the diameter of Portland cement particles. The specific surface area of silica fume is between 15000 and 20000 m 2 /kg, containing 85–90% of the active silica [ 7 , 15 , 30 ]. After mixing with cement, silicon powder can react quickly with calcium hydroxide to form hydrated calcium silicate and produce the strength.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of molding processes and different dispersants on the dispersion of chopped carbon fibers in cement matrix

Wang

Peng

et al. 2018

Heliyon

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Chopped carbon fiber-reinforced cement composite (CFRC) has become one of the potential smart materials in recent years. The key process of preparing this kind of composite at the early stage is how to disperse carbon fibers evenly into the cement matrix to achieve CFRC composite with good properties. In this study, a three-step mixing process and a six-step mixing process for the preparation of CFRC were suggested, respectively. The fracture morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The influence of mass fractions of three common dispersants methyl cellulose (MC), carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) on the dispersion of short carbon fibers in water under certain temperature was investigated prior to the manufacture of CFRC. The correlation between mass fraction and viscosity was discussed, and the dispersion effect was assessed from the structure of dispersants and molding process. A hypothetical capsule theory was proposed to reasonably explain the dispersion effect of MC, CMC, and HEC. The experiments showed that pre-dispersion by ultrasonic vibration improved the dispersion of carbon fibers greatly. The dispersivity of carbon fibers was closely related to the category and mass fractions of dispersants. With the same mass fraction of dispersants at a certain temperature, the dispersion effect was in order of HEC > CMC > MC. Meanwhile, when the mass fraction of HEC was between 0.6 and 0.8 wt% by weight of cement and the mass fraction in the aqueous solution was between 1.65 and 1.80 wt%, carbon fibers dispersed most ideally and distributed further uniformly in the cement matrix.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of molding processes and different dispersants on the dispersion of chopped carbon fibers in cement matrix

Wang

Peng

et al. 2018

Heliyon

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“…Recently, Jagadish et al [ 109–111 ] pursued the idea of applying TE materials on RCF by different methods and investigated the effect of different deposition parameters on TE performance of the final composites. Similar to Pang et al, [ 108 ] the TE compound was deposited on carbon fibers using electrodeposition.…”

Section: Use Of Wastes In the Synthesis Of Te Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 108 ] In the latest study, they applied a coating of Bi 2 Te 3 and Bi 2 S 3 on recycled carbon fiber to make a TE composite. [ 109 ] Using the brushing technique, a suspension of TE particles (15–60 wt%) with ethylene glycol and Acrodur DS 3530 binder was applied on recycled carbon fibers. PF increased as the content of the TE powder in the composite increased (up to 45 and 60 wt%, for RCF–Bi 2 Te 3 and RCF–Bi 2 S 3 composites, respectively), following which the PF remained almost constant ( Figure 11 ).…”

Section: Use Of Wastes In the Synthesis Of Te Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste Recycling in Thermoelectric Materials

Bahrami

Schierning

Nielsch

2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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power plants, factories, motor vehicles, computers, or even human bodies into electricity. TEGs are suitable for small applications because of their compatibility, simplicity, and scalability. For example, electricity can be generated from small heat sources and by taking advantage of small temperature differences for powering wristwatches or wearable devices such as miniaturized accelerometers or electroencephalography (EEG) devices. [3,4] However, low efficiency and high fabrication cost are the main disadvantages of TEGs which hinder their vast application in the market. Although many studies have explored the ways to increase the efficiency of TEGs in converting the thermal to electric energy, cost of TE materials synthesis and miniaturized TEGs fabrication has not been addressed widely.TEGs require materials with high electrical conductivities and low thermal conductivities, as well as high thermopower (Seebeck coefficient, S) which in turn constrains the types of materials that can be used as a TE material. The direct conversion of thermal to electrical energy in response to a temperature gradient across a material can be calculated by using the following equationwhere ΔV is the generated voltage, S is the Seebeck coefficient or thermopower, and ΔT is the temperature difference. The performance of a TE material is defined by the dimensionless figure of merit (zT), which relates the material properties to its conversion efficiency, in the following way 2 l e ZT S T σ κ κ ) ( = +where σ is the electrical conductivity, κ l and κ e are the lattice and electronic contributions to the thermal conductivity of TE material, respectively, and T is the absolute temperature. High S 2 σ (power factor, PF) and low thermal conductivity, κ = κ l + κ e , lead to better performance. In practice, however, the mutual dependence between these material properties makes an optimization of zT difficult. For many decades since the 1950s, when research and development of bulk homogenous materials for TE applications started to increase, research and development efforts focused on elements derived from raw materials for synthesizing TE materials. The compounds synthesized from raw elements such as Thermoelectric (TE) technology enables the efficient conversion of waste heat generated in homes, transport, and industry into promptly accessible electrical energy. Such technology is thus finding increasing applications given the focus on alternative sources of energy. However, the synthesis of TE materials relies on costly and scarce elements, which are also environmentally damaging to extract. Moreover, spent TE modules lead to a waste of resources and cause severe pollution. To address these issues, many laboratory studies have explored the synthesis of TE materials using wastes and the recovery of scarce elements from spent modules, e.g., utilization of Si slurry as starting materials, development of biodegradable TE papers, and bacterial recovery and recycling of tellurium from spent TE modules. Yet, the outcomes of such work have no...

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“…Several studies have reviewed the available EoL options for general composite waste (Jagadish et al, 2018;Li et al, 2016;Naqvi et al, 2018). In a comparatively early study, Halliwell (2006) raised awareness of the environmental problem arising from composite used in vehicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind turbine blade end-of-life options: An eco-audit comparison

Liu

Meng

Barlow

2019

Journal of Cleaner Production

123

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Wind energy has developed rapidly over the last two decades to become one of the most promising economical and green sources of renewable energy, responding to concerns about use of fossil fuels and increasing demand for energy. However, attention is now turning to what happens to end-of-life wind turbine waste, and there is scrutiny of its environmental impact. In this study, we focus on one aspect of this, the blades. We analyse and compare end-of-life options for wind turbine blade materials (mainly glass fibre reinforced plastic and carbon fibre reinforced plastic) in terms of environmental impact (focusing on energy consumption), using our own data together with results gathered from the literature. The environmental impacts of each end-of-life option are discussed, looking at processing energy consumption, the recycling benefits and the effect of blade technology development trends. There is considerable variability in the results, and lack of consensus on predictions for the future. We therefore analyse the results using a range of different scenarios to show how the 'optimal' solutions are influenced by trends in blade composition and end-of-life process development. The most environmentally favourable process is dependent on whether the materials used for the blades are glass fibre composite or carbon fibre composite. The extent to which process improvement might affect the viability of different end-of-life processes has been assessed by looking at 'crossover' points for when the environmental impact becomes favourable. This analysis gives new insight into areas where research into process technologies could be targeted to enable significant end-of-life environmental benefits.

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Cost effective thermoelectric composites from recycled carbon fibre: From waste to energy

Cited by 42 publications

References 39 publications

Influences of molding processes and different dispersants on the dispersion of chopped carbon fibers in cement matrix

Influences of molding processes and different dispersants on the dispersion of chopped carbon fibers in cement matrix

Waste Recycling in Thermoelectric Materials

Wind turbine blade end-of-life options: An eco-audit comparison

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