Cost-Effective Ultralarge-Diameter Polycrystalline-Diamond-Compact-Bit Drilling in Deepwater Gulf of Mexico

Abstract

Summary Ultralarge-diameter polycrystalline-diamond-compact (PDC)-bit drilling is a fast-growing cost-effective solution in high-tier deepwater drilling operations in the US Gulf of Mexico (GOM) where salt is encountered in the shallow part of the wellbore. Conventional design called for roller-cone (RC) (IADC Code 111-115) drill bits on positive-displacement motors (PDMs) in these ultralarge-diameter intervals. Cost savings on drilling fluid alone, in the form of rate-of-penetration (ROP) gains through the salt interval, has the industry trending to drill these riserless sections with the use of PDC drill bits on rotary-steerable-system (RSS) drilling assemblies. New robust high-torque-capacity topdrives, stronger drillpipe (DP) connections, larger-diameter RSS tools, and improved mud programs have all largely contributed to this step change in drilling performance. In addition, evolved bit and bottomhole-assembly (BHA) design, efficient operating parameters, improved hydraulics, and vibration-prediction modeling have all aided in the success of these runs. Although this emerging new trend reduces drilling times and associated cost, experience has shown there are multiple challenges that must be overcome to complete a successful run in a single trip. These challenges vary from well to well and include, but are not limited to, BHA steerability, rig-equipment limitations, efficient operating parameters, identification of both sediment and salt formations, hole cleaning and hydraulics, salt creep, drilling-fluid displacement, DP torque limitations, stabilization placement, lateral/ torsional BHA vibrations, and others. This paper will concentrate on the multiple aspects of ultralarge-diameter riserless PDC-bit drilling applications and the considerations that have been used to optimize them. Prior SPE papers and data from previous deepwater GOM case histories were heavily researched and scrutinized to support the conclusions provided within the body of this paper. Together with industry experience available, these findings have resulted in a set of defined recommendations, providing operators with a guide to justify a lower-cost-per-foot approach through the potential reduction of drilling time in these challenging applications.

Effect of gold oxide incorporation on electrochemical corrosion resistance of diamond-like carbon

“…These natural resources lie beneath deep layers of salt and rock under the Atlantic Ocean [2]. Drilling through this barrier to extract these highly valuable natural resources is still exceedingly costly and requires special drill bits to cut the rock [3]. To date these drill bits have been made of steel and diamond.…”