Cost-effectiveness comparison between blood biomarkers and conventional tests in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis

Noda, Kenta; Lim, Yeongjoo; Goto, Rei; Sengoku, Shintaro; Kodama, Kota

doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103911

Drug Discovery Today

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103911

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Cost-effectiveness comparison between blood biomarkers and conventional tests in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis

Kenta Noda,

Yeongjoo Lim,

Rei Goto

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

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Advances in blood biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD): A review

Assfaw,

Schindler,

Morris

2024

The Kaohsiung J of Med Scie

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Alzheimer disease (AD) and Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) are growing public health challenges globally affecting millions of older adults, necessitating concerted efforts to advance our understanding and management of these conditions. AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized pathologically by amyloid plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles that are the primary cause of dementia in older individuals. Early and accurate diagnosis of AD dementia is crucial for effective intervention and treatment but has proven challenging to accomplish. Although testing for AD brain pathology with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or positron emission tomography (PET) has been available for over 2 decades, most patients never underwent this testing because of inaccessibility, high out‐of‐pocket costs, perceived risks, and the lack of AD‐specific treatments. However, in recent years, rapid progress has been made in developing blood biomarkers for AD/ADRD. Consequently, blood biomarkers have emerged as promising tools for non‐invasive and cost‐effective diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of AD progression. This review presents the evolving landscape of blood biomarkers in AD/ADRD and explores their potential applications in clinical practice for early detection, prognosis, and therapeutic interventions. It covers recent advances in blood biomarkers, including amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides, tau protein, neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). It also discusses their diagnostic and prognostic utility while addressing associated challenges and limitations. Future research directions in this rapidly evolving field are also proposed.

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Advances in blood biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD): A review

Assfaw,

Schindler,

Morris

2024

The Kaohsiung J of Med Scie

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Challenges in the practical implementation of blood biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease

Schöll,

Verberk,

del Campo

et al. 2024

The Lancet Healthy Longevity

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Dysregulation of Porphyromonas gingivalis Agmatine Deiminase Expression in Alzheimer’s Disease

Hamdi,

Baroudi,

Gharbi

et al. 2024

CAR

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Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, with a significant burden on global health. AD is characterized by a progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. Emerging research suggests a potential link between periodontitis, specifically the presence of oral bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), and AD progression. P. gingivalis produces an enzyme, Agmatine deiminase (AgD), which converts agmatine to N-carbamoyl putrescine (NCP), serving as a precursor to essential polyamines. Recent studies have confirmed the correlation between disruptions in polyamine metabolism and cognitive impairment. Objective: This study aims to investigate the dysregulation of P. gingivalis Agmatine deiminase (PgAgD) in the context of AD. Methods: Saliva samples were collected from a total of 54 individuals, including 27 AD patients and 27 healthy controls. The expression of the PgAgD gene was analyzed using quantitative Real-- Time PCR. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in PgAgD gene expression in the saliva samples of AD patients compared to healthy controls. This downregulation was found in AD patients with advanced stages of periodontitis. Additionally, a correlation was observed between the decrease in PgAgD expression and the 30-item Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. Conclusion: These findings suggest that measuring PgAgD expression in saliva could be a noninvasive tool for monitoring AD progression and aid in the early diagnosis of patients with periodontitis. Further research is needed to validate our results and explore the underlying mechanisms linking periodontitis, PgAgD expression, and AD pathophysiology.

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Cost-effectiveness comparison between blood biomarkers and conventional tests in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Advances in blood biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD): A review

Advances in blood biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD): A review

Challenges in the practical implementation of blood biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease

Dysregulation of Porphyromonas gingivalis Agmatine Deiminase Expression in Alzheimer’s Disease

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