Cost-efficiency of measures to increase the amount of coarse woody debris in managed Norway spruce forests

Ranius, Thomas; Ekvall, Hans; Jonsson, Mattias; Bostedt, Göran

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.10.061

Cited by 52 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Management strategies are needed to allow the long-term maintenance of CWD to ensure suitable habitats for flora and fauna. Despite the fact that the rules and optimal levels of CWD have not yet been formulated, some authors have analysed strategies for enhancing the amount of CWD in intensively managed forests, as retention of living trees at harvest, producing high stump from lower quality tree, preserving the CWD after final harvest, prolonging rotation periods, retention of dying trees and stipulating temporal conservation contracts to compensate forest private owners [80][81][82][83]. Interventions in favour of local populations with the right to collect deadwood could be undertaken by the public owner, providing a part of the harvested wood.…”

Section: Decay Class Of Cwdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coarse Woody Debris Variability Due to Human Accessibility to Forest

Behjou

Monaco

Tavankar

et al. 2018

Forests

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Coarse woody debris (CWD) plays an important role in supporting biodiversity and assisting ecological processes. Sometimes local people intervene modifying the expected distribution of CWD components, harvested as fuel wood. The effect of the human accessibility (HA) on the volume and characteristics of CWD (snag, downed log and stump) was investigated in the natural uneven-age mixed hardwood stands of the Hyrcanian forests of Iran to quantify the impact on CWD. The HA was classified into three classes (easy, medium and difficult) on the basis of slope class, slope direction to the nearest road and road type. As expected, a negative relationship between the degree of accessibility was found with respect to the main qualitative and quantitative indices referring to CWD. The results showed that the volume of CWD decreased with an increase in human accessibility class (HAC), thus the mean volume of CWD in the difficult, medium and easy accessibility classes were 14.87 m 3 ha −1 , 8.84 m 3 ha −1 and 4.03 m 3 ha −1 , respectively. The decrease in CWD volume was more associated with the decreasing volume of small diameter of low decayed downed logs. The ratio of snag volume to standing volume, the ratio of downed log volume to the volume of trees and the ratio of CWD volume to standing volume increased with a decrease in HAC, while the ratio of downed log volume to snag volume decreased with a decrease in HAC. No selective behaviour on the botanical species of CWD was recorded. For ecological forest management, the effect of HAC on CWD should be considered. A constant supply of snags and downed logs must be preserved to assure a high level of biodiversity. To balance social needs and biodiversity requirements, an increased level of CWD retention might be needed in areas with easy accessibility. The obtained results may be useful when ecological and socio-economical needs have to be taken into consideration in future policy-making decisions.

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Section: Decay Class Of Cwdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coarse Woody Debris Variability Due to Human Accessibility to Forest

Behjou

Monaco

Tavankar

et al. 2018

Forests

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“…So, for planning and assessing forestry operations, both economic and non-economic factors must be considered, needing a systemic view (Tellarini & Caporali 2000). Besides the studies dealing with economical and environmental issues (Raniusa et al, 2005;DiazBalteiro & Rodriguez, 2006), one can find information about the energy approach on biomass and bioenergy sources (Chavanne & Frangi, 2008;Pimentel & Patzek, 2005;Pimentel et al, 2005;Ozkan et al, 2004) but the latter has been neglected by governmental policies. Through the 20th century, forestry and agriculture developed their yields through the increase use of energy, whose main source has been oil -a low entropy and non-renewable source (Ferraro Júnior, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy performance of a production system of eucalyptus

Romanelli

Milan

2010

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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Maximizing yields is opposed to the goal of minimizing the use of inputs. In the context of system rationalization, the addition of non-economic parameters in the decision making and the magnitude of eucalyptus plantation in Sao Paulo State, Brazil led to this study. The objective was to establish the flows and to evaluate the performance of energy transformations on eucalyptus production. The evaluated system presented three alternatives of soil acidity management: lime, ash and sludge application. The applied indicators were energy return on investment, energy intensity and energy balance, which meant, respectively, the return over energy investment, the energy content of biomass and the energy obtained per area. For the basic scenario, lime, E ROI was 58.5 MJ MJ -1 , energy intensity was 124.7 MJ m -3 , and the energy balance was 2120.7 GJ ha -1 . The required energy was larger when ash (5.2%) and sludge (57.2%) were used. The main inputs were, in order, fuel, fertilizers, herbicide and lime. Harvesting was the main operation (56.7%), followed by subsoiling. Fuel in harvesting, fertilizers and lime summed 79.6% of the total energy. The sensitivity of the system showed that the material used to control soil acidity had more effect on the energy demand (up to +57.4%) than the suggested scenarios (-5.3% when the field efficiency was increased).Key words: sustainability, environmental analysis, E ROI , energy balance Desempenho energético de uma produção de eucalipto RESUMO O contexto da racionalização dos sistemas de produção, a inserção de parâmetros não-econômicos na tomada de decisão e a magnitude do cultivo de eucalipto, no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, nortearam este estudo, cujo objetivo foi estabelecer os fluxos e o desempenho das transformações energéticas de um sistema de produção de eucalipto. O sistema avaliado apresentou três alternativas de manejo de acidez do solo: calcário, cinzas e biossólido. Os indicadores utilizados foram o retorno de energia sobre energia investida, intensidade e balanço energéticos, que representam, respectivamente, a taxa de retorno de energia obtida, a energia contida na biomassa e a energia obtida por área. Para o cenário básico, calcário, o retorno de energia sobre energia investida foi de 58,5 MJ MJ -1 , a intensidade energética da biomassa 124,7 MJ m -3 e o balanço de energia foi 2120,7 GJ ha -1 . A energia demandada foi maior com cinzas (5,2%) e biossólido (57,2%). Os principais insumos foram, em ordem decrescente: combustível, fertilizantes, herbicida e calcário. A colheita é a principal operação (56,7%), seguida da subsolagem. O combustível gasto na colheita mais fertilizantes e calcário correspondem a 79,6% da energia necessária. A sensibilidade do sistema mostrou que o material de controle de acidez do solo causa maiores efeitos na demanda de energia (até +57,4%) que os cenários sugeridos (-5,3% com acréscimo da eficiência de campo).Palavras-chave: sustentabilidade, análises ambientais, balanço de energia

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“…The production of commercial timber, expressed as average yield, and the average volume of dead wood (Coarse Woody Debris) are affected as well. The volume of CWD in forest stands is considered, by many ecologists, a valuable substrate promoting biodiversity (Ranius et al 2005). Similar to Table 2, Table 3 compares the four scenarios to the Baseline and adds several additional aspects.…”

Section: Scenario Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policies for Forest Landscape Management A Conceptual Approach with an Empirical Application for Swedish Conditions

2017

Self Cite

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Economics (CERE) is an inter-disciplinary and inter-university research centre at the Umeå Campus: Umeå University and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. The main objectives with the Centre are to tie together research groups at the different departments and universities; provide seminars and workshops within the field of environmental & resource economics and management; and constitute a platform for a creative and strong research environment within the field. AbstractHabitat loss and habitat fragmentation are major factors leading to forest biodiversity decline. This paper discusses landscape planning as strategy to improve connectivity in a landscape with a heterogeneous distribution of ecologically valuable areas across land owners. A tax-fund system is proposed, that following the principle of common but differentiated responsibility, tries to spread the burden of conservation equally across land owners while optimizing the environmental outcome. Design options of such a tax-fund system are discussed along the lines of a simple theoretical model. Financial effects of a tax-fund system are computed for a small model landscape set in Sweden. Two design questions stand out as particularly important. The first is whether the policy is intended to be self-sustained among the land owners or if the budget can be supplemented by general tax money. The second is whether the land owners or the relevant authority select the stands for conservation set-aside.

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Cost-efficiency of measures to increase the amount of coarse woody debris in managed Norway spruce forests

Cited by 52 publications

References 30 publications

Coarse Woody Debris Variability Due to Human Accessibility to Forest

Coarse Woody Debris Variability Due to Human Accessibility to Forest

Energy performance of a production system of eucalyptus

Policies for Forest Landscape Management A Conceptual Approach with an Empirical Application for Swedish Conditions

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