Cost of Reproduction in Viscaria vulgaris (Caryophyllaceae): A Field Experiment

Jennersten, Ola

doi:10.2307/3545337

Cited by 67 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This argumentation may contribute to explain the lack of reproductive costs found in our study. Our results are in line with earlier studies where no reproductive costs were found (Horvitz and Schemske 1988;Calvo 1990;Fox and Stevens 1991;Jennersten 1991). For example, Jöns-son and Tuomi (1994) and Hemborg (1998) discussed the existence of strong selection against individual plants expressing high reproductive costs, and Hemborg (1998) proposed further that reproductive investment is often negatively related to altitude and short growing seasons.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Costs of reproduction in circumpolar Parnassia palustris L. in light of global warming

Sandvik

Eide

2009

Plant Ecol

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Life-history theories predict competition and compromises between different reproductive and somatic (e.g., growth) functions in plants. This study concerns the costs of reproduction in an alpine herb, Parnassia palustris L., in light of global warming. The field experiments involved manipulations of temperature regime using open top chambers, and manipulations of the current level of reproductive investment by supplemental hand-pollination (SP) and bud removal (BR). The study continued for 2 years and costs of reproduction were evaluated in the second year by comparing reproductive outputs and growth between treatment groups. Flower manipulations carried out the first year had no statistically significant effect on reproductive or somatic variables in the second year, which suggests that reproductive costs in P. palustris are limited. Increased temperature, however, had a positive effect on a range of reproductive traits such as seed number, seed mass per fruit, mass per seed, and ratios between reproductive outputs and growth, but had no statistically significant influence on growth. No statistically significant interaction effects between flower manipulation and warming were revealed, which implies that the effects of flower manipulation in the first year does not differ statistically significantly between the two temperature regimes in the next year. We conclude that the lack of reproductive costs found in P. palustris at Finse expresses that resources are not restricted under a level that will induce high costs of reproduction. Furthermore, higher temperatures do not affect the costs, and finally, it appears that the reproductive costs are finetune controlled, which implies optimizing rather than maximizing of reproductive and somatic outputs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Costs of reproduction in circumpolar Parnassia palustris L. in light of global warming

Sandvik

Eide

2009

Plant Ecol

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“…If foliar herbivory causes decreases in plant attractiveness to pollinators, male reproductive success may be diminished as a result of reduced pollen export. When seed set is limited by pollen (Bierzychudek 1981;Jennersten 1991;Fox 1992;Ågren and Willson 1994;Burd 1994), decreased pollinator visitation after damage could reduce both seed production and number of seeds sired by pollen. Information on offspring produced through both male and female reproduction is needed to estimate total fitness effects of herbivory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf damage by herbivores affects attractiveness to pollinators in wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum

1997

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We carried out two experiments to determine the effect of leaf damage on plant attractiveness to pollinators using wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum (Brassicaceae), a self-incompatible annual herb. Pairs of plants from 36 full-sib families were grown in pots in the greenhouse. One member of each pair was damaged by Pieris rapae larvae that were allowed to remove half of the leaf area of each of the first four rosette leaves. The plants were subsequently taken out for pollinator observations once a week from the beginning of flowering in late June until the end of August. We conducted two experiments to examine how foliar damage affected visitation by pollinators. In the first experiment, numbers of pollinators visiting plants were compared between damaged and control sibling plants. In the second experiment, the number of open flowers during observations was controlled to be the same for both damaged and undamaged sibs. Damage significantly decreased the number and size of flowers during the first observations in late June. Damaged plants received fewer visits by native bees during the first week of observations. Since damage did not affect native bee visits when the number of open flowers was equalized between treatments, flower number was probably the main cue attracting native bees to plants. In the experiment without flower number control, syrphid flies, the other abundant pollinator taxon, spent more time per flower on the undamaged than on the damaged plants. When flower number was controlled, flies probed significantly more flowers during each visit on the undamaged than on the damaged plants and had higher visitation rates to undamaged plants early in the season. Since syrphid flies preferred undamaged plants both with and without flower number control, they apparently used cues apart from flower number for visitation. The difference between undamaged and damaged plants in floral characteristics and pollinator visitation vanished within a few weeks after the start of flowering. This result suggests that early damage may not have a strong fitness effect through reduction in mating success. However, poor weather conditions can cause early mortality of plants in the field, and nutrient depletion and competition decrease fruit set of later flowers. Therefore, conditions exist under which visitation to early flowers may affect plant fitness.

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“…More proximate effects on the reproducing individual in terms of reduced growth have also been measured (Newell 1991, Syrjanen and Lehtili 1993, Primack et al 1994. However, some studies found no evidence for trade-offs between current and future reproduction (Jennersten 1991) or between reproduction and/or current growth and future survival (Horvitz andSchemske 1988, Agren andWillson 1994). The reasons for failures in detecting costs of reproduction may have been that the resource costs were very low (Jdnsson and Tuomi 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%