In recent decades, with global energy consumption increasing year by year, the issue of energy and the environment has become one of the hot issues of concern. In this paper, the superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) technology is selected as the research object, and its sustainability and environmental efficiency are discussed and analyzed based on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The results show that the characteristics and performance advantages of SMES technology and devices make it possible to fill the energy supply gap in a timely manner without polluting or disturbing the atmosphere and water environment. Through the study of the existing application direction, development status and policies of SMES technology, this paper also conclude that the current application of this technology is feasible and effective in renewable power generation systems, hybrid power systems and electric vehicles but still has the problems of high cost, which leads to incomplete scale up and low promotion rate. Therefore, this paper presents the outlook and prediction of its future trends, such as iterative superconducting materials and the introduction of monitoring systems. This paper expects to find and evaluate how SMES would meet sustainability goals and ecological requirements and the corresponding further development directions.