“…Autocratic and stagnant Participation-based management and susceptible to changes and improvements (Owusu, 1999;Crocitto and Youssef, 2003;Hooper et al, 2001;Bustamante, 1999) 9 Customer response adoption Very slowly takes place because of bureaucracy Very fast and 100% response envisaged (Parkinson, 1999;Maskell, 2001;Meredith and Francis, 2000;Bustamante, 1999;Assen, 2000;McGaughey, 1999) 10 Product life cycle Long and ineffective Short and effective (Maskell, 2001;Meredith and Francis, 2000;Crocitto and Youssef, 2003;Christopher and Towill, 2000;Kirk and Tebaldi, 1997) 11 Product service life Long and inflexible; long mean downtime Short and flexible; least or nil mean downtime (Parkinson, 1999;Maskell, 2001;Meredith and Francis, 2000;Vernadat, 1999;Bustamante, 1999;Crocitto and Youssef, 2003;Zhang and Sharifi, 2000;Onuh and Hon, 2001;Ashley, 1997;Yusuf et al, 2003) 13 Short, Just-in-Time (JIT) purchase and least dead investment (Takahashi and Nakamura, 2000;Tersine and Wacker, 2000) 15 Cost management Traditional type (with classifications, namely, prime and overhead costs)…”