Costs and benefits of mycorrhizal infection in a spring ephemeral, <i>Erythronium americanum</i>

Lapointe, Line; Molard, Julie

doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.1997.00672.x

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Why so many desert ephemeral plant species that finish their life span (even if only aboveground) in such short periods of time sacrifice their valuable carbohydrates to the associated fungi and how the AM fungi complete their life span during such a short time span are interesting questions. Changing the host plants via underground hyphal links may be an important mechanism as suggested by Lapointe and Molard (1997). However, unlike other ecosystems, few herbaceous plants survive in the sand dunes in summer in the Gurbantunggut Desert.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal status of spring ephemerals in the desert ecosystem of Junggar Basin, China

et al. 2006

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A survey was made of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) status of 73 spring ephemeral plant species that grow in the desert ecosystem of Junggar Basin, northwest China. The proportion of AM colonization ranged from 7 to 73% with a mean value of 30%. A total of 65 plant species studied were AM with coils/arbuscules or vesicles and the remaining eight species were possibly AM with no coils/arbuscules or vesicles but with fungal mycelia in the root cortex. AM fungal spores were isolated from rhizosphere samples of all 73 plant species and identified. The mean spore density was 22 per 20 ml of air-dried soil, ranging from 0 to 120. Colonization and spore density of perennials were slightly higher than of annuals and varied among different plant families. A total of 603 AM fungal spore (or sporocarp) specimens were isolated belonging to six genera, Acaulospora, Archaeopora, Entrophospora, Glomus, Paraglomus, and Scutellospora; Glomus was the dominant genus. We conclude that spring ephemerals may be highly dependent on AM associations for survival in the very infertile and arid soils of this desert ecosystem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal status of spring ephemerals in the desert ecosystem of Junggar Basin, China

et al. 2006

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“…Erythronium americanum Ker-Gawl (trout lily) is an abundant spring ephemeral in maple forests of North America that is colonised by AM fungi (Brundrett and Kendrick 1990b;Lapointe and Molard 1997). In the region of Québec City, epigeous development of E. americanum follows snow melt in late-April when the tree canopy is completely open (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Leaf senescence is completed by mid-June followed by root senescence at the beginning of July (data not shown). In early autumn (midSeptember) E. americanum produces new unbranched roots that are rapidly colonised by AM fungi (Brundrett and Kendrick 1990a;Lapointe and Molard 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

14C transfer between the spring ephemeral Erythronium americanum and sugar maple saplings via arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in natural stands

et al. 2002

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We investigated in the field the carbon (C) transfer between sugar maple (Acer saccharum) saplings and the spring ephemeral Erythronium americanum via the mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Sugar maple saplings and E. americanum plants were planted together in pots placed in the ground of a maple forest in 1999. Ectomycorrhizal yellow birches (Betula alleghaniensis) were added as control plants. In spring 2000, during leaf expansion of sugar maple saplings, the leaves of E. americanum were labelled with CO. Seven days after labelling, radioactivity was detected in leaves, stem and roots of sugar maples. Specific radioactivity in sugar maples was 13-fold higher than in yellow birches revealing the occurrence of a direct transfer of C between the AM plants. The quantity ofC transferred to sugar maple saplings was negatively correlated with the percentage of C allocated to the storage organ of E. americanum. A second labelling was performed in autumn 2000 on sugar maple leaves during annual growth of E. americanum roots. Radioactivity was detected in 7 of 22 E. americanum root systems and absent in yellow birches. These results suggest that AM fungi connecting different understorey species can act as reciprocal C transfer bridges between plant species in relation with the phenology of the plants involved.

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“…In one case (control U-NF), only four crowns met these requirements, while for all other treatment groups at least seven crowns were available. Trophopod starch content was analyzed as described previously (Lapointe and Molard 1997) for the 1995 sampling, and in 1996 reducing sugars and sucrose contents were also measured (Lapointe 1998).…”

Section: Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of one year crozier removal on long-term frond production in Matteuccia struthiopteris

Bergeron¹,

Lapointe²

2001

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Bergeron, M. E. and Lapointe, L. 2001. Impact of one year crozier removal on long-term frond production in Matteuccia struthiopteris. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81: [155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163]. Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro populations that had been subjected to crozier harvesting over the past 25 yr were investigated. The number of crowns harvested and the number of croziers harvested per crown varied annually, but most crowns were harvested at least once over 5 yr. In 1995, total and 50% defoliation impacts were tested on subsequent years' frond production in understorey and open site populations. The effect of mineral fertilization on the understorey population was also investigated. Crowns in the open habitat produced more fronds annually than the understorey crowns and were less susceptible to partial defoliation. One year with total defoliation was sufficient to significantly reduce the number of fronds produced in both habitats over the next 4 yr. Defoliated crowns also accumulated less carbohydrates at the end of the first season. Mineral fertilization increased the number of fronds produced the following year but had no long-term benefit and did not significantly alleviate defoliation effects. Despite the fact that harvesting intensity was relatively low, it appears necessary to limit crozier harvesting per crown to less than 50% in understorey populations to preserve wild populations of M. struthiopteris. Todaro étudiées subissent la cueillette des frondes depuis 25 an. Le nombre de couronnes subissant la cueillette de même que le nombre de frondes récoltées par couronne varie d'une année à l'autre mais la plupart des couronnes sont soumises à au moins une cueillette à tous les 5 an. En 1995, nous avons testé l'impact d'une défoliation totale et à 50 % sur la production de frondes au cours des années subséquentes dans une population située en sous-bois et une population située en milieu ouvert. L'impact d'une fertilisation combinée aux mêmes traitements de défoliation a également été testé en sous-bois. Les couronnes en milieu ouvert ont produit plus de frondes annuellement que les couronnes en sous-bois et sont moins susceptibles à une défoliation partielle. Une seule année de défoliation complète a été nécessaire pour réduire de façon significative le nombre de frondes produites dans les deux habitats au cours des 4 an suivantes. Moins de réserves de carbone ont également été accumulées à la fin de la première saison chez les couronnes défoliées. La fertilisation a augmenté le nombre de frondes produites l'année suivante mais n'a pas montré d'impact à long terme et ne permet pas de compenser les effets de la défoliation. Malgré le fait que l'intensité de cueillette est relativement faible, il semble nécessaire de réduire à moins de 50 % le nombre de frondes récoltées par couronne dans les populations situées en sous-bois si l'on veut maintenir ces populations à long terme. Key words:

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Costs and benefits of mycorrhizal infection in a spring ephemeral, Erythronium americanum

Cited by 38 publications

References 38 publications

Arbuscular mycorrhizal status of spring ephemerals in the desert ecosystem of Junggar Basin, China

Arbuscular mycorrhizal status of spring ephemerals in the desert ecosystem of Junggar Basin, China

14C transfer between the spring ephemeral Erythronium americanum and sugar maple saplings via arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in natural stands

Impact of one year crozier removal on long-term frond production in Matteuccia struthiopteris

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