Costs benchmark of CO2 transport technologies for a group of various size industries

Benchmarking of CO2 transport technologies: Part I—Onshore pipeline and shipping between two onshore areas

“…Both chains, receiving and delivering CO2 under the same conditions, include conditioning before export, and the export system itself. In order to gain more insight in the transport technologies, simulations were carried out under Aspen HYSYS ® for the conditionings, while the export system designs were performed on the basis of correlations from the literature (American Petroleum Institute, 1990;European Technology Platform for Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants (ZEP), 2011;McCoy, 2009;Roussanaly et al, 2013b) in order to obtain their consumption of utilities and the characteristics of their components. On the basis of the following assessment methodologies, the modules developed assess the costs and the climate impact of both transport chains for capacities ranging from 2 to 20 MtCO2/y and transport distances from 200 to 2,000 km.…”

“…4, at the outlet of the onshore pipeline at 200 bar, corresponding to the inlet pressure of an offshore pipeline 4 to store the CO2 offshore 5 (Roussanaly et al, 2013b). The onshore pipeline chain has different characteristics depending on its diameter: pressure drop, number of pumps, energy consumption, costs, etc.…”

“…it should stay above the critical pressure), and a capacity of 2 MtCO2/y per pump. 2.1.2 Shipping between two onshore harbour 2.1.2.1 Conditioning before export using ammonia liquefaction At the inlet of a shipping export, liquid CO2 at 6.5 bar and -50 °C is desired (Aspelund and Jordal, 2007;Roussanaly et al, 2013b), while CO2 is delivered at 1 atm and 25 °C after CO2 capture and regeneration 6 (Roussanaly et al, 2013a). Conditioning before pipeline transport is therefore needed, and consists of compression stages followed by a liquefaction process using ammonia cooling cycles (Aspelund et al, 2005), combined with the removal of unwanted components (dehydration) 7 .…”

“…For shipping export, liquid CO2 at 6.5 bar and -50°C is desired (Aspelund and Jordal, 2007;Roussanaly et al, 2013b) while CO2 is delivered, after reconditioning as shown in Fig. 6, at 200 bar which corresponds to the inlet pressure of an offshore pipeline 8 to store the CO2 offshore 9 (Roussanaly et al, 2013b).…”

“…Unlike previously published studies, the work presented here does not focus only on a fixed capacity, for example, as shown by the red line in Fig. 2 that represents the IPCC case (Metz et al, 2005), or a specific case for a given distance and capacity (Coussy et al, 2012; European Technology Platform for Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants (ZEP), 2011; Roussanaly et al, 2013b;Roussanaly et al, 2013c) which would then represent a single point in Fig. 2, but considered two variables: transport distance and transport capacity.…”