Costs of benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment in Montenegro

Abstract

АТЦ класификација-Анатомско-терапијско-хемијска класификација АУР-Акутно задржавање урина БПХ-Бенигна хиперплазија простате ЦАЛИМС-Агенција за љјекове и медицинска средства Црне Горе ДДД-Дефинисана дневна доза ЕАУ-Европска асоцијација за урологију ФЗО-Фонд за здравствено осигурање Црне Горе ИПСС-Међународни Простата Симптом Резултат ИЈЗЦГ-Институт за јавно здравље Црне Горе

The association between quality of life and the level of vitamin D in benign prostate hyperplasia

“…Recent reports indicate a strong association of clinical BPH with metabolic syndrome and erectile dysfunction, as well as a possible role of inflammation as a cause of BPH [11]. The presence of comorbidities, especially diabetes, coronary artery disease, and cerebrovascular insult, has a negative association with LUTS [5]. Lifestyle changes, including exercise and diet, are important strategies in controlling this common disease [11].…”

“…It is hypothesized that the reason for the increase in the number of these cells may be due to epithelial and stromal proliferation or impaired programmed cell death, which leads to cell accumulation. The role of other indicators such as androgens, estrogens, stroma-epithelium interaction, growth factors and neurotransmitters is considered [5].Prostate enlargement in old age can remain without symptoms for a long time, and every man who has an enlarged prostate does not have to suffer from these disorders. In some patients, it takes only a few years from the first symptoms to the stadium with complications, in others it takes a decade, and in some even some kind of regression occurs, a reduction of complaints, easier urination after disturbances that lasted for several years [13].…”

“…The evolution of BPH is a long-term process, during which numerous complications can develop [5]. If left untreated, BPH has an advanced course [15].…”

“…Potential complications of untreated BPH include acute urinary retention [16]. Acute urinary retention (AUR) is аmong the most common complications [5].…”

“…BPH symptoms -413.51 EUR, patients with AUR -493.93 EUR and after TURP -1,013.16 EUR. The projection of the total one-year consumption of medicines in Montenegro would amount to 2,338,008.66 EUR, which would amount to 1.43% of the total funds allocated for the country healthcare system [5]. LUTS associated with BPH is sometimes very severe and undertreated.…”