Cotton Wax and Its Relationship with Fiber and Yarn Properties

Cui, Xiao; Price, John B.; Calamari, Timothy A.; Hemstreet, James M.; Meredith, William

doi:10.1177/004051750207200505

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The existence of a hydrophobic "cuticle" has only been proven for mature cotton fiber. This strongly OsO 4 -positive, thin (approximately 250 nm wide, approximately 1.3% of fiber weight), morphologically homogeneous outer layer contains an approximately 1:1 mixture of primary wall polysaccharides and wax/cutin molecules, and it is sharply distinct from the underlying cellulosic secondary wall (Yatsu et al, 1983;Cui et al, 2002;Degani et al, 2002;Wakelyn et al, 2007). This structure differs from the bilayered, cuticulated surface of vegetative, epidermal, trichomes, which mixes gradually into an underlying cell wall containing several components (Marks et al, 2008).…”

Section: Relationship Between the Cotton Fiber Tissue And Cuticlementioning

confidence: 99%

A Specialized Outer Layer of the Primary Cell Wall Joins Elongating Cotton Fibers into Tissue-Like Bundles

et al. 2009

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Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) provides the world's dominant renewable textile fiber, and cotton fiber is valued as a research model because of its extensive elongation and secondary wall thickening. Previously, it was assumed that fibers elongated as individual cells. In contrast, observation by cryo-field emission-scanning electron microscopy of cotton fibers developing in situ within the boll demonstrated that fibers elongate within tissue-like bundles. These bundles were entrained by twisting fiber tips and consolidated by adhesion of a cotton fiber middle lamella (CFML). The fiber bundles consolidated via the CFML ultimately formed a packet of fiber around each seed, which helps explain how thousands of cotton fibers achieve their great length within a confined space. The cell wall nature of the CFML was characterized using transmission electron microscopy, including polymer epitope labeling. Toward the end of elongation, up-regulation occurred in gene expression and enzyme activities related to cell wall hydrolysis, and targeted breakdown of the CFML restored fiber individuality. At the same time, losses occurred in certain cell wall polymer epitopes (as revealed by comprehensive microarray polymer profiling) and sugars within noncellulosic matrix components (as revealed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of derivatized neutral and acidic glycosyl residues). Broadly, these data show that adhesion modulated by an outer layer of the primary wall can coordinate the extensive growth of a large group of cells and illustrate dynamic changes in primary wall structure and composition occurring during the differentiation of one cell type that spends only part of its life as a tissue.

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Section: Relationship Between the Cotton Fiber Tissue And Cuticlementioning

confidence: 99%

A Specialized Outer Layer of the Primary Cell Wall Joins Elongating Cotton Fibers into Tissue-Like Bundles

et al. 2009

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“…Fiber properties such as length, strength, uniformity and yarn spinning efficiency are no longer entirely satisfactory predictors as our society progresses forward. Instead, surface friction forces that resulted directly from the chemical constituents of fiber cells play an important role in modern costume industry [1]. As derivatives of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA, fatty acids >C18), waxes are major components of cotton fiber cuticle [2] and display inverse relationships with micronaire, a measure of fiber linear density and fineness [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and functional characterization of two cDNAs encoding NADPH-dependent 3-ketoacyl-CoA reductased from developing cotton fibers

et al. 2005

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Genes encoding enzymes involved in biosynthesis of very long chain fatty acids were significantly up-regulated during early cotton fiber development. Two cDNAs, GhKCR1 and GhKCR2 encoding putative cotton 3-ketoacyl-CoA reductases that catalyze the second step in fatty acid elongation, were isolated from developing cotton fibers. GhKCR1 and 2 contain open reading frames of 963 bp and 924 bp encoding proteins of 320 and 307 amino acid residues, respectively. Quantatitive RT-PCR analysis showed that both these genes were highly preferentially expressed during the cotton fiber elongation period with much lower levels recovered from roots, stems and leaves. GhKCR1 and 2 showed 30%-32% identity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ybr159p at the deduced amino acid level. These cotton cDNAs were cloned and expressed in yeast haploid ybr159w∆ mutant that was deficient in 3-ketoacyl-CoA reductase activity. Wild-type growth rate was restored in ybr159w∆ cells that expressed either GhKCR1 or 2. Further analysis showed that GhKCR1 and 2 were co-sedimented within the membranous pellet fraction after high-speed centrifugation, similar to the yeast endoplasmic reticulum marker ScKar2p. Both GhKCR(s) showed NADPH-dependent 3-ketoacyl-CoA reductase activity in an in vitro assay system using palmitoyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA as substrates. Our results suggest that GhKCR1 and 2 are functional orthologues of ScYbr159p.

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“…Cotton fiber wax content varies significantly among different varieties. Various studies have reported a strong positive relationship between cotton fibers wax content and their surface area [73,74,[172][173][174]. El Mogahzy showed that the frictional properties of cotton fibers are influenced by their wax content [73].…”

Section: Nanofricitonal and Nanomechanical Properties Of Cotton Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale Frictional Properties of Cotton Fibers: A Review

Hosseinali

Thomasson

2018

Fibers

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This review discusses the important concept of cotton fiber friction at both the macro-and nanoscale. First, the technological importance of fiber friction and its role in fiber breakage during fiber processing is discussed. Next, previous studies on frictional properties of cotton fibers are reviewed and different experimental procedures to measure friction between fibers or against another surface are evaluated. Friction models developed to explain friction process during various experimental procedures are considered and their limitations are discussed. Since interpretation of friction processes at the macroscale can be challenging (mainly due to difficulties in analyzing the multiple asperities in contact), a separate section is devoted to surveying studies on the emerging field of single-asperity friction experiments with atomic force microscope (AFM). Special attention is given to studies on nanoscale frictional characteristics of rough viscoelastic surfaces (e.g., plant cuticular biopolymers and cotton fibers). Due to the close relationship between friction and adhesion hysteresis at the nanoscale, adhesion studies with AFM on viscoelastic surfaces are also reviewed. Lastly, recommendations are made for future research in the field of frictional properties of cotton fibers.

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Cotton Wax and Its Relationship with Fiber and Yarn Properties

Cited by 28 publications

References 3 publications

A Specialized Outer Layer of the Primary Cell Wall Joins Elongating Cotton Fibers into Tissue-Like Bundles

A Specialized Outer Layer of the Primary Cell Wall Joins Elongating Cotton Fibers into Tissue-Like Bundles

Cloning and functional characterization of two cDNAs encoding NADPH-dependent 3-ketoacyl-CoA reductased from developing cotton fibers

Multiscale Frictional Properties of Cotton Fibers: A Review

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