Cottonseed cake as a substitute of soybean meal for goat kids

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the intake, apparent nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, and intake behaviour of crossbred Boer goat kids fed with diets contain cottonseed cake. It was utilised 32 crossbred Boer goat kids, with average body weight of 16 ± 2 kg, distributed in a completely randomised experimental design, in four experimental diets, with levels of substitution of soybean meal by cottonseed cake, in 0%, 33%, 66% and 100%, respectively. There was no significant effect (p > .05) of cottonseed cake levels on the intake of nutritional components, except for ether extract that behaved in a quadratic manner (p < .05). The digestibility of the nutritional components and the nitrogen balance were not altered as a function of the levels of cottonseed cake in the diet (p > .05). The average daily weight gain and feed conversion were not altered (p > .05) by the amounts of cottonseed cake. Rumination efficiency (minutes/kg of NDF) and feeding frequency (number of visits to the trough/24 h) were not altered (p < .05) as function of the cottonseed cake levels, however, feeding, rumination, and idleness times, as well as the other feeding efficiency and activities frequency were not influenced. Hence, cottonseed cake can be totally substituted soybean meal in diets for crossbred Boer goat kids in feedlot, once it does not alter the productive performance, intake and digestibility of nutritional components and nitrogen balance of the animals.

Inclusión de niveles de expellerde algodón en la alimentación de ovinos confinados: comportamiento productivo, características de la canal y calidad de la carne

“…On the other hand, FC was linearly improved by 32% at 14 days; while at 28 days an improvement of 19.91% was observed (Figure 2) only with the inclusion of 15% (T2) and after 42 days, conversion decreased linearly by 32%. The FC improvement up to 28 days and subsequent decrease in parallel to DMI by including the cottonseed meal, could be a consequence of the cumulative toxic of ingested gossypol effect on the liver and kidney (Kim et al, 1996;Gadelha et al, 2014), in addition to causing anorexia in animals (Velasquez-Pereira et al, 1998); whose degree of toxicity depends on the animal age, with youngsters being more susceptible (Rocha, 2016;Mello et al, 2018) and adults tolerant (Assis et al, 2019). In study, 7.5 months of age were used, which allows us to infer that they are moderately resistant to said toxicity, so they responded well in the two initial periods of the experiment and then decreased ingestion and feed conversion.…”

“…To achieve this purpose is necessary to adopt good sanitary management and nutritional program to meet the animal's energy and protein requirements (Carvalho et al 2014), which implies the use of higher nutritional value feeds and lower costs (Oliveira et al, 2017). Soybean meal is the most used protein source in ruminant feeding and has excellent nutritional quality (Palmieri et al, 2016), however, it has a high purchasing cost, mainly in areas distant from those soybean-producer regions making diets more expensive and reducing the livestock profitability (Dantas, 2018;Assis et al, 2019), so it is necessary to look for alternatives feeds to replace it to make diets cheaper without reducing the animal's productive performance. Cottonseed meal is one of the alternatives to replace soybean meal, which is an ingredient resulting from grains oil extraction by physical and chemical methods (Lima-Júnior et al 2011;Dantas, 2018).…”

“…However, the cottonseed meal contains gossypol that is toxic to animals and, it can alter the flavor of the meat, reducing its commercial value (Gadelha et al, 2014). Adult ruminants are more tolerant to the toxicity (Assis et al, 2019), which suggests that sheep will respond satisfactorily to this by-product inclusion in the diet, although it is necessary to determinate the maximum level it could be included without reducing the animals' performance parameters and meat quality. This research aimed to evaluate the productive performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of confined sheep fed with diets containing different levels of cottonseed meal as a substitute for soybean meal.…”

Potential alternative feed sources for ruminant feeding from the biodiesel production chain by-products

“…Cakes from biodiesel production such as palm kernel (Keles et al, 2017), babassu (Luz et al, 2019), castor bean (Nagalakshmi & Dhanalakshmi, 2015), sunflower (Lima et al, 2018), cottonseed cake (Assis et al, 2019), and other by-products (Olivo et al, 2017) present considerable concentrations of protein and ether extract, which characterize them as protein and energy foods (Goes et al, 2019) that meet the nutritional requirements of animals and allow their use in ruminant feeding. However, the implications of using these cakes, whether positive or negative, are still poorly understood.…”

By-Product of Cotton Agribusiness as an Alternative Protein Source for Rams

“…Therefore, the by-products from the extraction of cottonseed oil contain lower concentrations of gossypol and when present in diets at a concentration of less than 180 mg/day do not cause harmful effects in animals [10,11]. The cottonseed cake has 430 mg/kg DM of gossypol, thus the aforementioned amount of gossypol in the diet represents the use of an amount of approximately of 400 g of cottonseed cake [10][11][12]. Therefore, knowledge on sustainability feeding becomes of extreme importance for the formulation of ruminant diets to guarantee the animal its best performance.…”