Could ginseng-based medicines be better than nitrates in treating ischemic heart disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Jia, Yongliang; Zhang, Shikai; Huang, Fang-Yi; Leung, Siu-wai

doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2011.12.002

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This review may serve as a foundation for future systematic reviews and further studies, but the small sample size provides limited contribution. Compared to previous reviews [1], [3], [6], [8]–[16], we identified 20 new RCTs [26]–[31], [33], [38], [39], [41]–[45], [48], [49], [52]–[55] and successfully updated the information for therapy. Our ginseng review provides people the opportunity to access studies that were originally published in languages that they would otherwise be unable to read.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, 13 systematic reviews of ginseng used to treat many conditions are available [1], [3], [6], [8]–[16]. Five of them include studies published in English only [10]–[12], [16], two analysed the results from English and Chinese databases [8], [9], and the other five searched several available databases, including Korean, Chinese, English and Japanese databases [1], [3], [6], [13], [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five of them include studies published in English only [10]–[12], [16], two analysed the results from English and Chinese databases [8], [9], and the other five searched several available databases, including Korean, Chinese, English and Japanese databases [1], [3], [6], [13], [14]. However, these reviews failed to include several recent studies published in Korea, where the name panax ginseng is from.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ginseng for Health Care: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials in Korean Literature

et al. 2013

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ObjectiveThis systematic review was performed to summarise randomised clinical trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy and safety of ginseng in the Korean literature.MethodThe study involved systematic searches conducted in eight Korean Medical databases. The methodological quality of all of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. We included all RCTs on any type of ginseng compared to placebo, active treatment or no treatment in healthy individuals or patients regardless of conditions.ResultsIn total, 1415 potentially relevant studies were identified, and 30 randomised clinical trials were included. Nine RCTs assessed the effects of ginseng on exercise capacity, cognitive performance, somatic symptoms, quality of life, and sleeping in healthy persons. Six RCTs tested ginseng compared with placebo for erectile dysfunction, while another four studies evaluated the effects of ginseng against no treatment for gastric and colon cancer. Two RCTs compared the effect of red ginseng on diabetes mellitus with no treatment or placebo, and the other nine RCTs assessed the effects of ginseng compared with placebo or no treatment on various conditions. The methodological caveats of the included trials make their contribution to the current clinical evidence of ginseng somewhat limited. However, the 20 newly added trials (66.7% of the 30 trials) may provide useful information for future trials. Ginseng appears to be generally safe, and no serious adverse effects have been reported.ConclusionsThe clinical effects of ginseng have been tested in a wide range of conditions in Korea. Although the quality of RCTs published in the Korean literature was generally poor, this review is useful for researchers to access studies that were originally published in languages that they would otherwise be unable to read and due to the paucity of evidence on this subject.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ginseng for Health Care: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials in Korean Literature

et al. 2013

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“…Many of the physiological effects of ginseng can be accommodated by modulation of nitric oxide synthesis [ 190 , 191 ]. For instance, Panax ginseng has been shown to have greater utility in treating ischemic heart disease than nitrates [ 192 ], and is an effective treatment for erectile dysfunction [ 193 ]. In contrast, whilst the ergogenic effects of ginseng have been investigated in numerous studies, the evidence to date is equivocal, potentially due to methodological issues within this literature [ 194 , 195 ].…”

Section: Terpenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemicals for Improving Aspects of Cognitive Function and Psychological State Potentially Relevant to Sports Performance

Kennedy

2019

Sports Med

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Subjective alertness and optimal cognitive function, including in terms of attention, spatial/working memory and executive function, are intrinsic to peak performance in many sports. Consumption of a number of plant-derived ‘secondary metabolite’ phytochemicals can modulate these psychological parameters, although there is a paucity of evidence collected in a sporting context. The structural groups into which these phytochemicals fall—phenolics, terpenes and alkaloids—vary in terms of the ecological roles they play for the plant, their toxicity and the extent to which they exert direct effects on brain function. The phenolics, including polyphenols, play protective roles in the plant, and represent a natural, benign component of the human diet. Increased consumption has been shown to improve cardiovascular function and is associated with long-term brain health. However, whilst short-term supplementation with polyphenols has been shown to consistently modulate cerebral blood-flow parameters, evidence of direct effects on cognitive function and alertness/arousal is currently comparatively weak. Terpenes play both attractant and deterrent roles in the plant, and typically occur less frequently in the diet. Single doses of volatile monoterpenes derived from edible herbs such as sage ( Salvia officinalis/lavandulaefolia ) and peppermint ( Mentha piperita ), diterpene-rich Ginkgo biloba extracts and triterpene-containing extracts from plants such as ginseng ( Panax ginseng/quinquefolius ) and Bacopa monnieri have all been shown to enhance relevant aspects of cognitive function and alertness. The alkaloids play toxic defensive roles in the plant, including via interference with herbivore brain function. Whilst most alkaloids are inappropriate in a sporting context due to toxicity and legal status, evidence suggests that single doses of nicotine and caffeine may be able to enhance relevant aspects of cognitive function and/or alertness. However, their benefits may be confounded by habituation and withdrawal effects in the longer term. The efficacy of volatile terpenes, triterpene-rich extracts and products combining low doses of caffeine with other phytochemicals deserves more research attention.

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“…Ginseng, a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is widely used in clinics for the treatment of cancer [1,2], cardiovascular diseases [3][4][5], and inflammation [6]. Panaxadiol isolated from Panax ginseng C. A. Mey (Araliaceae) is generally described as one of the main bioactive compounds of ginseng, and has been shown to possess a wide range of biological activities including antitumor and reduction of renal interstitial fibrosis induced by oxidative damage [7,8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An UFLC-MS/MS Method for Quantification of Panaxadiol in Rat Plasma and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study

Cai

Pan

et al. 2013

Planta Med

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Panaxadiol is a novel antitumor agent extracted from the Chinese medical herb Panax ginseng. This agent is being developed for the treatment of tumor diseases. A rapid, selective, and simple method based on ultrafast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was established and validated to determine panaxadiol in rat plasma following oral and sublingual intravenous administration of panaxadiol. The plasma samples were pretreated with acetic ether, and chromatographic separation was achieved on a Shim-pack XR-ODS III column using isocratic elution with the mobile phase of 0.1 % formic acid and acetonitrile. Analytes and protopanaxadiol (internal standard) were analyzed and identified using electrospray positive ionization mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction-monitoring mode. The MS/MS detection was carried out by monitoring the fragmentation of m/z 461.45 → m/z 127.1 for panaxadiol and m/z 425.4 → m/z 95.1 for protopanaxadiol (internal standard) on a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. The result showed good linearity over a wide concentration range (0.1-20 ng/mL) (R2 > 0.999) and its lower limit of detection and quantification were 0.03 and 0.1 ng/mL, respectively. The intra- and interday precision (RSD %) was within 15 % and the accuracy ranged from 94.9 % to 112.0 %. The absolute bioavailability was 12.5 %. The method was fully validated and successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of a single dose of panaxadiol.

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Could ginseng-based medicines be better than nitrates in treating ischemic heart disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

Ginseng for Health Care: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials in Korean Literature

Ginseng for Health Care: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials in Korean Literature

Phytochemicals for Improving Aspects of Cognitive Function and Psychological State Potentially Relevant to Sports Performance

An UFLC-MS/MS Method for Quantification of Panaxadiol in Rat Plasma and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study

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