Could human cold adaptation decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease?

Lesná, I. Králová; Rychlikova, J.; Vávřová, Lucie; Vybíral, S

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2015.07.007

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“… 45 Lower ApoB/ApoA1 plasma levels have been noted in cold-adapted human swimmers. 46 In carp, cold adaptation included up-regulation of six apolipoprotein genes including APOB. 47 We also found three non-synonymous variants in TRPM8, a protein that was briefly noted in Lynch et al and is responsible for sensitivity to noxious cold.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary adaptation revealed by comparative genome analysis of woolly mammoths and elephants

et al. 2017

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Comparative genomics studies typically limit their focus to single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and that was the case for previous comparisons of woolly mammoth genomes. We extended the analysis to systematically identify not only SNVs but also larger structural variants (SVs) and indels and found multiple mammoth-specific deletions and duplications affecting exons or even complete genes. The most prominent SV found was an amplification of RNase L (with different copy numbers in different mammoth genomes, up to 9-fold), involved in antiviral defense and inflammasome function. This amplification was accompanied by mutations affecting several domains of the protein including the active site and produced different sets of RNase L paralogs in four mammoth genomes likely contributing to adaptations to environmental threats. In addition to immunity and defense, we found many other unique genetic changes in woolly mammoths that suggest adaptations to life in harsh Arctic conditions, including variants involving lipid metabolism, circadian rhythms, and skeletal and body features. Together, these variants paint a complex picture of evolution of the mammoth species and may be relevant in the studies of their population history and extinction.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary adaptation revealed by comparative genome analysis of woolly mammoths and elephants

et al. 2017

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“…It has been demonstrated that the slightly higher metabolism observed after exercise or after short exposure to cold ameliorates the symptoms of diabetes and atherosclerosis, and reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases. 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 Thus, a beneficial effect of C 12 TPP on these pathologies may also be proposed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondria-targeted dodecyltriphenylphosphonium (C12TPP) combats high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice

et al. 2016

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Background:A membrane-penetrating cation, dodecyltriphenylphosphonium (C12TPP), facilitates the recycling of fatty acids in the artificial lipid membrane and mitochondria. C12TPP can dissipate mitochondrial membrane potential and may affect total energy expenditure and body weight in animals and humans.Methods:We investigated the metabolic effects of C12TPP in isolated brown-fat mitochondria, brown adipocyte cultures and mice in vivo. Experimental approaches included the measurement of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, western blotting, magnetic resonance imaging and bomb calorimetry.Results:In mice, C12TPP (50 μmol per (day•kg body weight)) in the drinking water significantly reduced body weight (12%, P<0.001) and body fat mass (24%, P<0.001) during the first 7 days of treatment. C12TPP did not affect water palatability and intake or the energy and lipid content in feces. The addition of C12TPP to isolated brown-fat mitochondria resulted in increased oxygen consumption. Three hours of pretreatment with C12TPP also increased oligomycin-insensitive oxygen consumption in brown adipocyte cultures (P<0.01). The effects of C12TPP on mitochondria, cells and mice were independent of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). However, C12TPP treatment increased the mitochondrial protein levels in the brown adipose tissue of both wild-type and UCP1-knockout mice. Pair-feeding revealed that one-third of the body weight loss in C12TPP-treated mice was due to reduced food intake. C12TPP treatment elevated the resting metabolic rate (RMR) by up to 18% (P<0.05) compared with pair-fed animals. C12TPP reduced the respiratory exchange ratio, indicating enhanced fatty acid oxidation in mice.Conclusions:C12TPP combats diet-induced obesity by reducing food intake, increasing the RMR and enhancing fatty acid oxidation.

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“…Recent work has found evidence that mild cold exposure may moderately improve metabolic health [9]. In general, humans exhibit a wide range of adaptive physiological responses to cold [10] and emerging evidence suggests that cold adaptation could lead to a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The associations between thermal variety and health: Implications for space heating energy use

et al. 2020

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Fossil fuels dominate domestic heating in temperate climates. In the EU, domestic space heating accounts for around 20% of final energy demand. Reducing domestic demand temperatures would reduce energy demand. However, cold exposure has been shown to be associated with adverse health conditions. Using an observational dataset of 77,762 UK Biobank participants, we examine the standard deviation of experienced temperature (named here thermal variety) measured by a wrist worn activity and temperature monitor. After controlling for covariates such as age, activity level and obesity, we show that thermal variety is 0.15˚C 95% CI [0.07-0.23] higher for participants whose health satisfaction was 'extremely happy' compared to 'extremely unhappy'. Higher thermal variety is also associated with a lower risk of having morbidities related to excess winter deaths. We argue that significant CO 2 savings would be made by increasing thermal variety and reducing domestic demand temperatures in the healthiest homes. However, great care is needed to avoid secondary health impacts due to mould and damp. Vulnerable households should receive increased attention.

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Could human cold adaptation decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease?

Cited by 28 publications

References 54 publications

Evolutionary adaptation revealed by comparative genome analysis of woolly mammoths and elephants

Evolutionary adaptation revealed by comparative genome analysis of woolly mammoths and elephants

Mitochondria-targeted dodecyltriphenylphosphonium (C12TPP) combats high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice

The associations between thermal variety and health: Implications for space heating energy use

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