Could remnant-like particle cholesterol become a risk factor in diabetic menopausal women with coronary artery disease? A cross-sectional study of single academic center in China

Feng, Xunxun; Guo, Qianyun; Zhou, Shu; Sun, Tienan; Liu, Yuyang; Zhou, Zhiming; Zhou, Yujie

doi:10.1186/s12944-020-01224-8

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…High HDL levels have been well documented to exert a protective effect on CAD, and low plasma HDL elevated plasma TG levels are associated with an increased CAD risk. 23,24 Our results indicated that ε2 carriers had lower TC, LDL-C and TG levels than did ε3 or ε4 carriers among the control participants. However, no significant differences were found between ɛ2, ɛ3 or ɛ4 carriers and plasma lipoprotein levels among patients with CAD.…”

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confidence: 59%

Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism and Coronary Artery Disease Risk Among Patients in Northwest China

Ma¹,

Ren²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

PGPM

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Purpose The association between apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphisms and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) among different populations has been assessed in numerous previous studies, but the results remain inconclusive. The present study aimed to determine the role of ApoE genotypes in CAD risk and the interrelationships between lipid profiles and ApoE alleles and genotypes among the population of northwest China. Patients and Methods This study was performed on 308 patients with CAD and 308 control participants. ApoE gene polymorphism was analysed using the polymerase chain reaction and hybridization. Results The findings indicated that the frequencies of ε3/ε4 genotype and ε4 allele frequency were significantly higher in patients with CAD than in the control participants. ε2 carriers had significantly lower total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) levels than did ε3 or ε4 carriers among the control participants. However, our study found no significant differences in plasma lipoprotein levels between ɛ2, ɛ3 and ɛ4 carriers in patients with CAD. Moreover, ε4 carriers had significantly higher ApoB, ApoB/ApoA-I levels and significantly lower ApoE levels in both patients with CAD and control participants. ε4 allele presence was associated with a nearly two-fold higher CAD risk. After adjusting for other established risk factors, ε4 allele was an independent risk factor for CAD. After stratified by age (≤ 60 years and >60 years), ε4 allele was indicated to increase the CAD risk 3.3-fold in elderly patients with CAD, but not in young patients with CAD. After stratified by sex, ε4 allele was not a risk factor in females and males patients with CAD. Conclusion This study provides evidence that the ε4 allele, drinking, smoking, hypertension, and TG and ApoE levels are independent risk factor for CAD among patients in northwest China.

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confidence: 59%

Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism and Coronary Artery Disease Risk Among Patients in Northwest China

Ma¹,

Ren²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

PGPM

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“…Diabetic patients exhibit TG metabolism disorders and an atherogenic lipid profile in addition to carbohydrate metabolism disorder [ 1 ]. The dyslipidemia accompanying diabetes is characterized by high TG levels and low HDL-C levels [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epidemiological studies have also revealed a link between reduced vitamin D and lipid profile, remnant cholesterol, and subsequent development of CVD [ 1 , 4 ]. Remnant cholesterol promotes atherosclerosis formation through several mechanisms, including upregulation of endothelial proinflammatory cytokines, monocyte migration and activation, and overproduction of prothrombotic factors [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients with T2DM have abnormal post-absorptive lipid metabolism. Postprandial clearance is delayed even in patients with normal fasting levels of most lipid parameters including triglyceride (TG) and chylomicrons [ 1 ]. Therefore, diabetic patients have high TG-rich lipoprotein ratios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vitamin D deficiency has been observed with high plasma levels of remnant cholesterol and LDL-C, and low plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [ 1 ]. Vitamin D deficiency has also been associated with a higher incidence of ischemic coronary disease and T2DM [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations Between Bioavailable Vitamin D and Remnant Cholesterol in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Türkeş

Uysal

Demir

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Introduction In circulation, 99% vitamin D is transported by binding to vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and albumin. Vitamin D at free form and vitamin D binding to albumin are defined as bioavailable vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with atherogenic lipid profile and insulin resistance. Remnant cholesterol is defined as the cholesterol component of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and contributes to the atherosclerotic burden. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between bioavailable vitamin D and remnant cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 198 T2DM patients and 208 non-diabetic subjects underwent biochemical measurements of lipid profiles, 25(OH)D, VDBP, CRP and albumin levels. Their demographic characteristics (age, sex) were questioned. Subjects with thyroid, kidney and liver dysfunction and using lipid-lowering therapy were not included in the study. The diagnosis of T2DM was made according to the American Diabetes Association ADA 2016 criteria. Classification of vitamin D levels was done according to the Endocrine Society. Bioavailable vitamin D concentrations were calculated. Results High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), 25(OH)D, free vitamin D and bioavailable vitamin D levels were significantly lower in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic patients while triglyceride, remnant cholesterol and CRP levels were found to be significantly higher. VDBP was positively correlated with CRP and remnant cholesterol in diabetic patients, but not in non-diabetic patients. Cut-off values were determined from non-diabetics as 3.56 ng/mL for bioavailable vitamin D and 26.56 mg/dL for remnant cholesterol. Logistic regression analysis in the control group showed that the odds ratio for increasing remnant cholesterol above the cut-off value was determined as 2.01 for low bioavailable vitamin D and 1.1 for elevated CRP. However, in T2DM there was no significant relationship. In all subjects, low bioavailable vitamin D increased the remnant cholesterol above the cut-off by 2.18-fold independent of the presence of T2DM. However, there was no significant risk to increase remnant cholesterol, considering a total 25(OH) D deficiency in all groups. Conclusions Low bioavailable vitamin D was found to be a risk factor for elevated remnant cholesterol. This relationship was not detected in patients with T2DM. We believe that the inflammation observed in Diabetes Mellitus may increase the concentrations of VDBP and a decrease in bioavailable vitamin D levels. Therefore, measuring VDBP and calculating the bioavailable vitamin D may provide additional information about the actual vitamin D status.

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Remnant Cholesterol and the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Wang

Ding

et al. 2022

Angiology

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Among statin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), there is still a great residual cardiovascular risk. Previous studies found that the level of remnant cholesterol (RC) could predict the coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. In the present study, we enrolled 4145 patients with T2DM; 2784 (67.2%) were male and their median age was 62 years. After multivariate logistic analyses, plasma RC level was significantly and independently associated with CAD [odds ratio (OR) 13.524, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.058-25.912, P < .001) after adjustment for conventional risk factors, such as age, gender, hypertension, and other lipid levels. Even in the presence of high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level, the elevated RC could still predict CAD in T2DM patients (OR 2.064, 95%CI 1.438-2.964, P < .001). Furthermore, RC had relationships with age, hypertension, and smoking status in promoting CAD progression in T2DM patients, with all p for interactive <.001. In conclusion, RC level was independently associated with CAD risk in patients with T2DM.

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Could remnant-like particle cholesterol become a risk factor in diabetic menopausal women with coronary artery disease? A cross-sectional study of single academic center in China

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism and Coronary Artery Disease Risk Among Patients in Northwest China

Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism and Coronary Artery Disease Risk Among Patients in Northwest China

Associations Between Bioavailable Vitamin D and Remnant Cholesterol in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Remnant Cholesterol and the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

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