Counselor's reputation: An important precounseling variable for adolescents.

Littrell, John M.; Caffrey, Phil; Hopper, Gordon

doi:10.1037/0022-0167.34.2.228.b

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…At least 27 studies examined the effect of objective evidence of training, various counselor behaviors, prestigious cues, and personal characteristics on perceived counselor expertness. Briefly, the research on the effect of objective evidence of training and of prestigious cues found results consistent with the research in the last reviews (except Strohmer & Biggs, 1983); objective evidence of training and prestigious cues did consistently affect perceptions of counselor expertness (Angle & Goodyear, 1984;Bernstein & Figioli, 1983;Littrell, Caffrey, & Hopper, 1987;McCarthy, 1982;Paradise, Conway, & Zweig, 1986).…”

Section: Stage 1: Establishing a Base For Influence Counselor Variabl...supporting

confidence: 76%

Social influence research in counseling: A review and critique.

Heppner¹,

Claiborn²

1989

Journal of Counseling Psychology

122

125

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This review concerns recent research on counseling as a social influence process. Studies published since 1981 are presented in two groups, according to whether they pertain to the first or second stage of Strong's (1968) influence model, and within these groups, according to the type of methodology used (interview and noninterview analogue studies and field studies) and the variables of interest (counselor, message, and client variables, and combinations of these). Then, the social influence literature as a whole is critically examined as to its methodological and theoretical adequacy. Major criticisms include the low external validity of the research, the disproportionate emphasis of the research on counselor perceptions rather than influence itself, and the weak connection between research and theory. Solutions are proposed for particular methodological problems, and recommendations are made for further research and theory development. The goal of counseling is to help people solve problems and cope with life's difficulties (Fretz, 1982;Heppner, 1978) or, in other words, to help people change. Questions about the change process guide the work of counseling practitioners and researchers alike. For practitioners it is a practical question: "What can I do to help this client to change?" But the scientific A Review of Recent Social Influence ResearchWe thank Monica M. Menne for her tabulations on some of the studies, Rebecca M. Nerison for her editorial assistance, and Joan Rosenberg for her stimulating observations about the influence process in counseling.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to P. Paul Heppner, 210 McAlester Hall, Psychology Department, University of Missouri--Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 6521 I. version of the question differs only in its generality and scope: "What can counselors do to help a wide variety of clients change?" Inquiry into the principles and processes of change is at the heart of counseling research and, as these questions show, vital to its link with practice.Social influence theory is one attempt to answer questions about the change process in counseling. Though influence has long been recognized--and denied--as an important part of counseling and psychotherapy (see Pepinsky & Pepinsky, 1954), formal articulation of the social influence point of view probably began with the publication of Frank's (1961) Persuasion and Healing. Research on the influence process in counseling began in the 1960s, undoubtedly stimulated by the attitude change Zeitgeist in social psychology, but also by Journal of Counseliog Psychology, 1989, Vol, 36, No. 3, 365-387 Copyright 1988 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 0022-0167/89/$00.75 365 366 P. PAUL HEPPNER AND CHARLES D. CLAIBORN such writers as Levy (1963), Goldstein, HeUer, andSechrest (1966), andStrong (1968), all of whom advocated a connection between social psychological and psychotherapeutic research. The rise of social influence theory reflected a disenchantment with the crude outcome research of the ti...

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Section: Stage 1: Establishing a Base For Influence Counselor Variabl...supporting

confidence: 76%

Social influence research in counseling: A review and critique.

Heppner¹,

Claiborn²

1989

Journal of Counseling Psychology

122

125

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“…We were able to find four analogue adolescent treatment credibility studies that were from the 1980's (Atkinson & Schwartz, 1984;Bernstein & Figioli, 1983;Lee, Hallberg, Jones, & Haase, 1980;Littrell, Caffrey, & Hopper, 1987) and one actual treatment credibility study (Stein et al, 2001). Obviously, more research is needed in the youth mental health treatment literature to see if this is also an important common process factor in youth-therapist interactions.…”

Section: Therapist Credibility/ Persuasivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Theoretical Model of Common Process Factors in Youth and Family Therapy

Karver

Handelsman

Fields

et al. 2005

Ment Health Serv Res

181

172

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Recently there has been an increasing emphasis in the youth and family mental health treatment literature on the use of empirically supported treatments (ESTs). In contrast there has been scant attention paid to more universal aspects of the therapy process that may have even greater impact upon therapy outcomes. It is likely that the success of the techniques proposed by ESTs may depend on the presence of common process factors. In this article, the authors explore the status of common process factors research in the youth and family therapy literature, and propose a theoretical model linking specific therapeutic relationship variables and treatment outcomes for children and adolescents. This model is intended to guide synthesis of the empirical evidence for common process factors in youth and family treatment and to stimulate future research on common process factors.

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“…Consequently, much of the research on social influence has focused on examining specific counseling behaviors that influence clients' perceptions of counselors, such as nonverbal behaviors (Robbins & Haase, 1985), interpretation style (Milne & Dowd, 1983), self-disclosure (Dowd & Boroto, 1982), reputation (Littrell, Caffrey, & Hopper, 1987), attractiveness (Vargas & Borkowski, 1983), profanity (Paradise, Cohl, & Zweig, 1980), attire (Roll & Roll, 1984), touch (Suiter & Goodyear, 1985), psychological jargon (Atkinson & Carskaddon, 1975), and status (McCarthy, 1982). Another specific counselor behavior, which to date has not been examined in the social influence literature, is note-taking behavior.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of note-taking on perceived counselor social influence during a career counseling session.

Miller

1992

Journal of Counseling Psychology

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This study examined the effects of counselor note-taking behavior on participants' impressions of a counselor during a career counseling session. A total of 140 participants (70 men and 70 women) rated 1 of 2 videotapes designed to credibly simulate a real career counseling interview. Note-taking was the independent variable. The results of this study suggest that whether a counselor is observed in a note-taking or non-note-taking condition has no significant effect on perceived counselor expertness, attractiveness, or trustworthiness. However, there was a significantly greater willingness of the participants to see the counselor who refrained from note-taking. The results offer tentative suggestions for those counselors who choose to take notes during a career counseling session.Research examining counseling as a social influencing process has broadened steadily since Strong's (1968) classic article describing counseling as a process of "interpersonal influence." Strong's two-stage model of social influence not only identified new questions about the process of counseling but also specific counselor variables (i.e., perceived expertness, attractiveness, and trustworthiness) with which to investigate the counseling process. The most logical research question arising from this view of counseling was the following: What events actually result in perceptions of counselor expertness, attractiveness, and trustworthiness (Heppner & Claiborn, 1989)?Consequently, much of the research on social influence has focused on examining specific counseling behaviors that influence clients' perceptions of counselors, such as nonverbal behaviors (

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Counselor's reputation: An important precounseling variable for adolescents.

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Social influence research in counseling: A review and critique.

Social influence research in counseling: A review and critique.

A Theoretical Model of Common Process Factors in Youth and Family Therapy

Effects of note-taking on perceived counselor social influence during a career counseling session.

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