Counter-Interception and Counter-Exploitation Features of Noise Radar Technology

Galati, Gaspare; Pavan, Gabriele; Savci, Kubilay; Wasserzier, Christoph

doi:10.3390/rs13224509

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Since ( p – 1, g p– 1 ) = ( p – 1,1 ) is a “corner dot” of the foregoing Costas array, the row and column of this corner dot can be removed to obtain an order ( p – 2 ) Costas array. Finally, if g = 2 is primitive mod p , which is believed to occur for a positive percentage of all prime numbers, (1,2) becomes a corner dot after the removal of the row and column of ( p – 1,1 ), which may be removed (along with its row and column) to obtain an order ( p – 3 ) Costas array [5]. By applying the Costas array, hoping order for time‐frequency coded waveform might be utilised, therefore we can denote them as Costas Codes (CC).…”

Section: Intrapulse Modulation Of Radar Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, radar signals with a large time-bandwidth product are also called pulse compression waveforms [3] and they are quite common in modern radars [4]. A natural direction for military radar design would be to reduce the ability of a would-be listener to receive the radar signals, which means that radar has a low probability of intercept (LPI) features [2,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radar signal waveform based on Costas and Walsh‐Hadamard codes as electronic counter‐countermeasure

Matousek

Perdoch

Pacek

et al. 2023

IET Radar Sonar & Navi

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Belligerent sides of current military conflicts are first and foremost counting on intelligence, air supremacy, and electromagnetic spectrum dominance. Actual concepts of conducting military operations can be characterised by the massive employment of air defence systems, radars, and electronic warfare systems. An approach is aimed to strengthen air‐defence potential by improving the resilience of pulse radar against electronic warfare threats, such as an electronic attack. To cope with the above‐mentioned situation, a radar intrapulse modulation was designed, where a combination of Costas codes and Walsh‐Hadamard codes is applied. Using a particular waveform together with the proposed model for radar signal processing results in increased resilience against an electronic attack, especially against repeater jamming methods. Furthermore, it is also possible to process radar echoes at low levels of Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio (SNR), which enhances radar electronic counter–countermeasure capability. The main scientific contribution of the paper is in the unique design of the Pulse Compression Filter for Combined Intrapulse Modulation (PCF‐CIM) and in its modelling. Based on the statistical evaluation of results, using the proposed radar waveform together with PCF‐CIM, it is possible to detect radar signals with combined intrapulse modulation in the case of SNR ≥ −14 dB with TPR ≥0.9999 and FPR ≤10−6, where SNR stands for Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio, TPR stands for True Positive Rate, and FPR stands for False Positive Rate.

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Section: Intrapulse Modulation Of Radar Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radar signal waveform based on Costas and Walsh‐Hadamard codes as electronic counter‐countermeasure

Matousek

Perdoch

Pacek

et al. 2023

IET Radar Sonar & Navi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Concerning the "randomness" of the NRT waveforms, while in principle it is possible to use an analog noise generator [29], most recent trends rely on more effective and manageable pseudo-random number (PRN's) generators [30,31].…”

Section: Pseudo-random Waveformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal design and processing for noise radar

Galati

Pavan

Wasserzier

2022

EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process.

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An efficient and secure use of the electromagnetic spectrum by different telecommunications and radar systems represents, today, a focal research point, as the coexistence of different radio-frequency sources at the same time and in the same frequency band requires the solution of a non-trivial interference problem. Normally, this is addressed with diversity in frequency, space, time, polarization, or code. In some radar applications, a secure use of the spectrum calls for the design of a set of transmitted waveforms highly resilient to interception and exploitation, i.e., with low probability of intercept/exploitation capability. In this frame, the noise radar technology (NRT) transmits noise-like waveforms and uses correlation processing of radar echoes for their optimal reception. After a review of the NRT as developed in the last decades, the aim of this paper is to show that NRT can represent a valid solution to the aforesaid problems.

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“…The PAPR of the digital reference is 12.1, which implies deterioration already at the lowest input power of −18 dBm. Amplitude modulation is important for LPI [6] and LPID properties. For example, if the radar were to disguise itself as a telecommunication signal, it would require the system to handle PAPRs of 10 dB or higher [56].…”

Section: Transmittermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The utilisation of non-periodic random waveforms for radar has several benefits, such as favourable ambiguity function [1][2][3], low probability of intercept/identification (LPI/LPID) [4][5][6], and low mutual interference [5,7]. The idea of transmitting noise waveforms and estimating the range by correlation processing was proposed already back in 1959 [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bistatic noise radar: Demonstration of correlation noise suppression

Ankel

Jonsson

Ulander

et al. 2022

IET Radar Sonar & Navi

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In this study, spatial separation of the radar transmitter and receiver units is considered, as a means of reducing the masking effect in noise radars. A bistatic radar system is constructed, with emphasis on a lightweight transmitter unit that can be mounted on a commercial Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The system uses pseudo-random noise, generated digitally at the receiver and transmitter units. Correlation losses, due to nonlinearities in the transmitter and receiver units, are measured to 0.1 dB. This study shows that by separating the transmitter and receiver unit the masking effect is significantly reduced, compared to a monostatic setup. This reduction is enough for the system to detect a slow flying UAV. Thus, bistatic separation should be considered as a practical tool to reduce the masking effect. By processing clutter with an extended CLEAN algorithm, the correlation noise floor is further suppressed.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Counter-Interception and Counter-Exploitation Features of Noise Radar Technology

Cited by 14 publications

References 54 publications

Radar signal waveform based on Costas and Walsh‐Hadamard codes as electronic counter‐countermeasure

Radar signal waveform based on Costas and Walsh‐Hadamard codes as electronic counter‐countermeasure

Signal design and processing for noise radar

Bistatic noise radar: Demonstration of correlation noise suppression

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