Countercurrent leaching of Ni, Co, Mn, and Li from spent lithium-ion batteries

Yang, Jian; Lai, Yanqing; Liu, Fangyang; Jiang, Liangxing

doi:10.1177/0734242x20944498

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Among them, common acids could be divided into inorganic acids and organic acids. Inorganic acids were usually hydrochloric acid [4], nitric acid [5], sulfuric acid [6], etc. The above strong acids were used to destroy the structure of positive electrode materials and achieved the purpose of recycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Li and Co in Waste Lithium Cobalt Oxide-Based Battery Using H1.6Mn1.6O4

Wang

Chen

et al. 2023

Molecules

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H1.6Mn1.6O4 lithium-ion screen adsorbents were synthesized by soft chemical synthesis and solid phase calcination and then applied to the recovery of metal Li and Co from waste cathode materials of a lithium cobalt oxide-based battery. The leaching experiments of cobalt and lithium from cathode materials by a citrate hydrogen peroxide system and tartaric acid system were investigated. The experimental results showed that under the citrate hydrogen peroxide system, when the temperature was 90 °C, the rotation speed was 600 r·min−1 and the solid–liquid ratio was 10 g·1 L−1, the leaching rate of Co and Li could reach 86.21% and 96.9%, respectively. Under the tartaric acid system, the leaching rates of Co and Li were 90.34% and 92.47%, respectively, under the previous operating conditions. The adsorption results of the lithium-ion screen showed that the adsorbents were highly selective for Li+, and the maximum adsorption capacities were 38.05 mg·g−1. In the process of lithium removal, the dissolution rate of lithium was about 91%, and the results of multiple cycles showed that the stability of the adsorbent was high. The recovery results showed that the purity of LiCl, Li2CO3 and CoCl2 crystals could reach 93%, 99.59% and 87.9%, respectively. LiCoO2 was regenerated by the sol–gel method. XRD results showed that the regenerated LiCoO2 had the advantages of higher crystallinity and less impurity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Li and Co in Waste Lithium Cobalt Oxide-Based Battery Using H1.6Mn1.6O4

Wang

Chen

et al. 2023

Molecules

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“…These publications, however, most often do not include two-stage leaching methods, which, from a technological point of view (possible implementation in industrial conditions), also seems to be economically justified [10]. For example, in the publication by Jian et al [22], a counter-current method of leaching of the cathode material from used Li-ion batteries was described, where the total efficiency of metals was 98%, 95%, 95% and 92% for Li, Co, Ni and Mn, respectively, and the acid utilization for leaching exceeded 95%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Innovative Method of Leaching of Battery Masses Produced in the Processing of Li-Ion Battery Scrap

Leszczyńska-Sejda,

Chmielarz,

Kopyto

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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This paper presents comparative experimental results for the single-stage and two-stage counter-current acid leaching of battery masses, with the addition of a booster, from different types of LIB waste. Three different types of battery masses were used in this research: Material I, module car; Material II, tablets and laptops; and Material III, mobile phones. These materials were obtained during the mechanical processing of Li-ion battery waste, which were dried at a temperature in the range of 80–180 °C. Leaching studies of these materials were carried out using the single-stage acid leaching method with the addition of hydrogen peroxide, and the innovative two-stage counter-current acid leaching method, also with the addition of hydrogen peroxide. The single-stage leaching of the battery mass (regardless of the composition of the material) in a 15% or 20% sulfuric acid solution with the addition of 30% H2O2 aqueous solution, for 2 h, with a solid-to-liquid-phase ratio of 1:5 or 1:4 at a temperature of 60 °C ensures the leaching of cobalt, nickel, copper and lithium with efficiencies above 95%. On the other hand, the use of an innovative method of two-stage counter-current leaching of the battery mass ensures the leaching of cobalt, nickel, copper and lithium at a level significantly greater than 95%, while obtaining a concentration of cobalt in the leaching solution at a level of nearly 50 g/dm3. It also reduces the leaching time of a single stage to 1 h and, importantly, reduces the amount of waste solutions and the consumption of H2O2 and sulfuric acid. The developed method of the two-stage counter-current leaching of battery masses is therefore characterized by high efficiency and low environmental impact, thanks to which it can be used in commercial processes for the recycling of lithium-ion batteries.

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“…The existing research on recycling lithium-ion batteries is mainly focused on the recovery of high-valuable metals like cobalt, nickel, manganese, and lithium in the cathode materials [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Although extensive investigations have been carried out on the typical recycling routes of the waste LIBs [5,[12][13][14][15], only few studies are devoted to discussing the strategies for regenerating cathode active materials from the mixed systems of used LIBs [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Minireview on the Regeneration of NCM Cathode Material Directly from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries with Different Cathode Chemistries

et al. 2022

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Research on the regeneration of cathode materials of spent lithium-ion batteries for resource reclamation and environmental protection is attracting more and more attention today. However, the majority of studies on recycling lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) placed the emphasis only on recovering target metals, such as Co, Ni, and Li, from the cathode materials, or how to recycle spent LIBs by conventional means. Effective reclamation strategies (e.g., pyrometallurgical technologies, hydrometallurgy techniques, and biological strategies) have been used in research on recycling used LIBs. Nevertheless, none of the existing reviews of regenerating cathode materials from waste LIBs elucidated the strategies to regenerate lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NCM or LiNixCoyMnzO2) cathode materials directly from spent LIBs containing other than NCM cathodes but, at the same time, frequently used commercial cathode materials such as LiCoO2 (LCO), LiFePO4 (LFP), LiMn2O4 (LMO), etc. or from spent mixed cathode materials. This review showcases the strategies and techniques for regenerating LiNixCoyMnzO2 cathode active materials directly from some commonly used and different types of mixed-cathode materials. The article summarizes the various technologies and processes of regenerating LiNixCoyMnzO2 cathode active materials directly from some individual cathode materials and the mixed-cathode scraps of spent LIBs without their preliminary separation. In the meantime, the economic benefits and diverse synthetic routes of regenerating LiNixCoyMnzO2 cathode materials reported in the literature are analyzed systematically. This minireview can lay guidance and a theoretical basis for restoring LiNixCoyMnzO2 cathode materials.

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Countercurrent leaching of Ni, Co, Mn, and Li from spent lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

Recovery of Li and Co in Waste Lithium Cobalt Oxide-Based Battery Using H1.6Mn1.6O4

Recovery of Li and Co in Waste Lithium Cobalt Oxide-Based Battery Using H1.6Mn1.6O4

An Innovative Method of Leaching of Battery Masses Produced in the Processing of Li-Ion Battery Scrap

A Minireview on the Regeneration of NCM Cathode Material Directly from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries with Different Cathode Chemistries

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