Coupled Dual LC Tanks Based ILFD With Low Injection Power and Compact Size

Mahalingam, Nagarajan; Ma, Kaixue; Yeo, Kiat Seng; Lim, Wei Meng

doi:10.1109/lmwc.2013.2290217

Cited by 25 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Table 2 summarizes the performance comparison of different core ILFDs. These include challenging and typical ILFD cores such as Darlington [ 30 ], Armstrong [ 31 ], Collpits [ 32 ], and cross-coupled pair [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]. This work has the highest figure of merit (FOM) compared to other ILFDs presented in Table 2 .…”

Section: Measurement Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An 18.8–33.9 GHz, 2.26 mW Current-Reuse Injection-Locked Frequency Divider for Radar Sensor Applications

Kim

et al. 2021

Sensors

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An 18.8–33.9 GHz, 2.26 mW current-reuse (CR) injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) for radar sensor applications is presented in this paper. A fourth-order resonator is designed using a transformer with a distributed inductor for wideband operating of the ILFD. The CR core is employed to reduce the power consumption compared to conventional cross-coupled pair ILFDs. The targeted input center frequency is 24 GHz for radar application. The self-oscillated frequency of the proposed CR-ILFD is 14.08 GHz. The input frequency locking range is from 18.8 to 33.8 GHz (57%) at an injection power of 0 dBm without a capacitor bank or varactors. The proposed CR-ILFD consumes 2.26 mW of power from a 1 V supply voltage. The entire die size is 0.75 mm × 0.45 mm. This CR-ILFD is implemented in a 65 nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology.

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Section: Measurement Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An 18.8–33.9 GHz, 2.26 mW Current-Reuse Injection-Locked Frequency Divider for Radar Sensor Applications

Kim

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…The coupling coefficient k comprises electric coupling and magnetic coupling, corresponding to the first term and second term, respectively. According to (7), the stored energy can be mathematically described by the dot operation of field vectors and , which results in either positive-sign coupling or negative-sign coupling. The stored energy of uncoupled resonators is enhanced if the polarity is positive, and vice versa.…”

Section: E Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Switches are also an indispensable component of linear circuits. In reference [7], a single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switch using a magically switchable artificial resonator structure, which can be modeled as triple-coupled LC tanks, could effectively alleviate the problem of λ g /4 transmission line area, as exhibited in Figure 33. The SPDT switch is manufactured by a 65 nm CMOS process with a core area of only 0.0035 mm 2 .…”

Section: Regulation and Control Based On Multiple Tanksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation and Control of Electromagnetic Field in Radio-Frequency Circuits and Systems

2023

Electromag. Sci.

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Since the first demonstrations of radio-frequency (RF) circuits, the physics of the electromagnetic (EM) field and its regulation and control with codesigned circuits, have become essential competencies of RF circuit designers. Leveraging advanced regulation or control methods, numerous high-performance circuits have been developed at RF and millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies. Three main methods of electromagnetic regulation have been widely utilized, namely, the separation of electric and magnetic coupling paths, the manipulation of electromagnetic energy through the coupling of multiple tanks or multiple resonators, and the regulation of electromagnetic fields in air cavities or meta-substrates. The separated coupling paths of electric and magnetic fields provide guidance for designing a high-performance filter topology with a quasielliptical response through additional zeros. The manipulation of the EM field through electrical and magnetic intercouplings of multitanks or multiresonators, such as are used in oscillators, power amplifiers (PAs), etc., results in remarkable power efficiency, size reduction, and wide bandwidth. The regulation of electromagnetism through an air cavity, patterned substrate, or metasubstrate reduces dielectric losses and size, especially when using a substrate integrated suspended line (SISL) platform. Many excellent circuits have been reported based on SISL with low loss, high integration, and self-packaging. Here, we present state-of-the-art cases that demonstrate the benefits of EM field regulation and control.

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“…However, the increase in locking range depends on both the injection current and precise quadrature coupling coefficient. In [13], coupled LC tanks are used with varactors to increase the ILFD OLR. Transformer coupled series injection with varactor tuning is presented in [14] and [15] to increase the transconductance of the injection transistor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Mode Multi-Coil Coupled Tuned Inductive Peaking ILFD for Low Injected Power With Compact Size

Mahalingam

Yeo

2019

IEEE Access

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In this paper, a multi-mode magnetically coupled and tuned inductive peaking technique with impedance transforming capability is proposed to achieve a wider operational locking range in the injection locked frequency divider (ILFD) for low injected power levels. Fabricated in 65 nm CMOS process, the proposed ILFD operating at 60 GHz, achieves a locking range of 16.3% from 53.2 to 63 GHz with a low injected power of −10 dBm. Occupying a small area of 0.0288 mm 2 , the ILFD delivers an average single-ended output power of −6 dBm with a dc power consumption of 3.7 mW from a 1.2 V supply voltage. The power efficiency (P out /P dc) of the proposed ILFD is 6.8%. INDEX TERMS 60 GHz, divide-by-2, direct injection locked frequency divider (ILFD), inductive peaking, multi-coupled coils, multi-mode.

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Coupled Dual LC Tanks Based ILFD With Low Injection Power and Compact Size

Abstract: Coupled dual LC tanks based ILFD with low injection power and compact size. IEEE microwave and wireless components letters.

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

An 18.8–33.9 GHz, 2.26 mW Current-Reuse Injection-Locked Frequency Divider for Radar Sensor Applications

An 18.8–33.9 GHz, 2.26 mW Current-Reuse Injection-Locked Frequency Divider for Radar Sensor Applications

Regulation and Control of Electromagnetic Field in Radio-Frequency Circuits and Systems

A Multi-Mode Multi-Coil Coupled Tuned Inductive Peaking ILFD for Low Injected Power With Compact Size

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