Coupled Hydraulic and Electronic Regulation of Cross-Flow Turbines in Hydraulic Plants

Sammartano, Vincenzo; Filianoti, Pasquale; Sinagra, Marco; Tucciarelli, Tullio; Scelba, G.; Morreale, Gabriele

doi:10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0001226

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The equation provides a quite accurate evaluation of the generator and turbine costs within a range of ±30%. The obtained costs have been increased of the 10% in order to take into account for the maintenance costs [26]. In the case of hydropower plants with a P smaller than 100 kW, the main contribution to the total costs is given by the cost of the turbine and generator.…”

Section: Economic Analysis Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential source of hydropower is affected by water river flow Q, the total net head H n between the inlet and outlet section of the turbine and by the turbine efficiency η. Q is evaluated by means of a rainfall-runoff model and the drop head is estimated from the DEM as height difference along the riverbed, while neglecting the energy losses along the penstock. The turbine efficiency depends on the characteristic curve of the turbine for a given supply condition (Q and H n ) and, also, depends on the kind of turbine installed in the hydropower plant [1,[23][24][25][26]. There are many types of turbines and the selection of the most appropriate is an important part of the design process.…”

Section: Estimation Of Hydropower Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, these coefficients have been used to assess the plant costs. The obtained costs have been increased to 10% in order to take into account for maintenance costs [26].…”

Section: Economic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Potential Locations for Run-of-River Hydropower Plants Using a GIS-Based Procedure

2019

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The increasing demand for renewable and sustainable energy sources has encouraged the development of small run-of-river plants. Preliminary studies are required to assess the technical and economic feasibility of such plants. In this context, the identification of optimal potential run-of-river sites has become a key issue. In this paper, an approach that is based on GIS tools coupled with a hydrological model has been applied to detect potential locations for a run-of-river plant. A great number of locations has been analyzed to identify those that could assure the achievement of different thresholds of potential power. The environmental and economic feasibility for small hydropower projects in these locations has been assessed and a multi-objective analysis has been carried out to highlight the most profitable configurations. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been calibrated to simulate runoff in the Taw at Umberleigh catchment (South West England). The results showed that, in the area of study, different locations could be selected as suitable for run-of-river plants.

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Section: Economic Analysis Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimation Of Hydropower Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Potential Locations for Run-of-River Hydropower Plants Using a GIS-Based Procedure

2019

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“…An open question is the net benefit of installing the inverter in order to regulate the rotational velocity of the impeller [28]. In the test case, the predicted variability of the rotational velocity of the designed turbine is between 0 rpm and 1000 rpm.…”

Section: The Oreto-stazione Study Casementioning

confidence: 99%

A New Device for Pressure Control and Energy Recovery in Water Distribution Networks

Sinagra

Sammartano

Morreale³

et al. 2017

Water

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The potential energy of the water in Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) usually exceeds the amount needed for delivery and consumption and, at the present time, it is mainly dissipated through Pressure Reducing Valves (PRVs) or Open Water Tanks. The present study suggests the use of a new energy-producing device, a Cross-flow turbine with positive outlet pressure named PRS (Power Recovery System), which can provide the same service as PRVs and water tanks, with additional significant hydropower production. After a short presentation of the PRS, the management rules of the proposed device are laid out, according to two possible modes. In the 'passive' mode, the piezometric level downstream of the turbine is fixed at the sought after value, in the 'active' mode, the discharge is regulated according to the required value. The design criterion is then presented, based on a simple relationship linking dimensionless numbers. A PRS is finally designed for a typical water distribution network, serving the city of Palermo (Italy). The resulting cost-benefit analysis is compared with a similar one carried out in previous work for a regulation system based on the use of a Pump As Turbine (PAT). The comparison shows the improvement obtained by the use of the PRS, consisting of higher energy production, as well as lower construction and installation costs.

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“…The PAT integration into an existing WDN is strictly linked to the design strategy. Specifically, the design may deal with either some parts of the turbine, such as the diffuser [20], or the addition of specific devices, such as the above-mentioned inverter, able to improve the PAT efficiency under variable flow-rate and pressure conditions [21][22][23]. In the latter case, two main approaches exist: hydraulic regulation (HR) and electrical regulation (ER).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydropower Generation Through Pump as Turbine: Experimental Study and Potential Application to Small-Scale WDN

Postacchini

Darvini

Finizio

et al. 2020

Water

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Pump-As-Turbine (PAT) technology is a smart solution to produce energy in a sustainable way at small scale, e.g., through its exploitation in classical Water Distribution Networks (WDNs). PAT application may actually represent a suitable solution to obtain both pressure regulation and electrical energy production. This technology enables one to significantly reduce both design and maintenance costs if compared to traditional turbine applications. In this work, the potential hydropower generation was evaluated through laboratory tests focused on the characterization of a pump working in reverse mode, i.e., as a PAT. Both hydrodynamic (pressure and discharge) and mechanical (rotational speed and torque) conditions were varied during the tests, with the aim to identify the most efficient PAT configurations and provide useful hints for possible real-world applications. The experimental findings confirm the good performances of the PAT system, especially when rotational speed and water demand are, respectively, larger than 850 rpm and 8 L/s, thus leading to efficiencies greater than 50%. Such findings were applied to a small municipality, where daily distribution of pressure and discharge were recorded upstream of the local WDN, where a Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV) is installed. Under the hypothesis of PRV replacement with the tested PAT, three different scenarios were studied, based on the mean recorded water demand and each characterized by specific values of PAT rotational speed. The best performances were observed for the largest tested speeds (1050 and 1250 rpm), which lead to pressure drops smaller than those actually due to the PRV, thus guaranteeing the minimum pressure for users, but also to mechanical powers smaller than 100 W. When a larger mean water demand is assumed, much better performances are reached, especially for large speeds (1250 rpm) that lead to mechanical powers larger than 1 kW combined to head drops a bit larger than those observed using the PRV. A suitable design is thus fundamental for the real-world PAT application.

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Coupled Hydraulic and Electronic Regulation of Cross-Flow Turbines in Hydraulic Plants

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Identification of Potential Locations for Run-of-River Hydropower Plants Using a GIS-Based Procedure

Identification of Potential Locations for Run-of-River Hydropower Plants Using a GIS-Based Procedure

A New Device for Pressure Control and Energy Recovery in Water Distribution Networks

Hydropower Generation Through Pump as Turbine: Experimental Study and Potential Application to Small-Scale WDN

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