Coupled mechanical and electrochemical characterization method for battery materials

Schmitt, Jan; Treuer, F.; Dietrich, Franz; Dröder, Klaus; Heins, Tom Patrick; Schröder, Uwe; Westerhoff, U.; Kurrat, Michael; Raatz, Annika

doi:10.1109/cencon.2014.6967536

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Thec ells are very sensitive to mechanical stress,w hich has an effect on the result of the impedance spectroscopy measurement. [30,31] Fort his reason an apparatus was constructed that fixed the cells and enabled ar eproducible measurement. During the measurement the battery was placed in ac limate-controlled chamber to adjust constant ambient conditions ( Figure 15).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Lithium‐Ion Battery Models Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

et al. 2016

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This work is an overview of various equivalent circuits (ECs) containing various degrees of detail. The ECs are evaluated in terms of model accuracy and parameterization time for the systematic assignment of an equivalent circuit to application fields. For this purpose, impedance spectra were measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at different states of charge, health and temperatures. Then the parameters of the EC were extracted using the least‐squares method and the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. After comparing the simulated to the measured impedance spectrum, a review and assignment of equivalent circuits for potential applications is given. Simple equivalent circuits with a series resistor and a maximum of two resistance–capacitance (RC) elements are ideal for simulations with lower dynamics. Equivalent circuits with up to five RC elements or even a constant‐phase element (CPE) are promising for simulating highly dynamic processes. By using RCPE elements the impedance spectrum can be modeled with the highest accuracy, which is why this type of model should be used for diagnostic purposes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Lithium‐Ion Battery Models Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

et al. 2016

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“…This suggests that unexpected failure due to defect-induced lithium plating can be avoided by appropriate inspection of battery cells for macroscopic defects with length scales above 100 μm, thereby increasing the reliability and safety of lithium-ion energy storage systems. In practice this could be achieved prior to assembly by monitoring individual cell components, 11 or after assembly through nondestructive techniques such as X-ray 12 or ultrasound analysis. 41,42 Analytical explanation of results.-The previous section showed how local defects such as separator pore closure create hot spots that can result in local lithium deposition.…”

Section: ∂U− ∂Csmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Some examples of defects in lithium-ion cells include local electrolyte drying, 7 current collector delamination, 7 electrode/separator interface separation, 8 copper plating following overdischarge, 9 local regions of high tortuosity variation, 10 manufacturing defects, 11 and general mechanical deformation 12 or damage. 13 In this work we focus on the model defect of separator deformation because of its previous link to lithium plating, 3 as well as the ease with which a separator containing localized pore closure can be integrated into an experimental cell.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effects of Defects on Localized Plating in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Cannarella

Arnold

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

174

132

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This work investigates how local cell defects can induce local lithium deposition and dendrite growth in a lithium-ion cell that appears to otherwise be performing correctly. Using local pore closure in the battery separator as a model defect, we experimentally demonstrate the occurrence of local lithium deposition during cycling in coin cells containing deliberately manufactured local regions of separator pore closure. We further investigate the local plating phenomena observed in these experiments using an axisymmetric finite element model of the defect-containing coin cell geometry. Our simulations show that the pore closure acts as an "electrochemical concentrator," creating locally high currents and overpotentials in the adjacent electrodes. This leads to lithium plating if the local overpotential exceeds equilibrium potential in the negative electrode. We examine the sensitivity of the local plating behavior to various materials, geometric, and operating parameters to identify mitigation strategies. The results of this work can be generalized to any defect that creates spatially non-uniform current distributions. The formation of metallic lithium, or lithium plating, is a wellknown and potentially dangerous degradation mechanism in lithiumion batteries.1 Lithium plating directly leads to capacity loss through corrosion with the cell's electrolyte 2 and in the worst case scenarios can lead to catastrophic failure by creating an internal short circuit. 1 Recent work shows a link between mechanics and lithium plating such that lithium plating is aggravated at higher levels of internal mechanical stress 3 and generally occurs in a periodic structure indicative of the cell's mechanical design. 3,4,5 However, the underlying physical mechanisms governing the relationship between lithium plating and mechanical stress remain unexplained. In this work we explain the observed link by experimentally demonstrating that local mechanical deformation of the battery separator can cause local lithium plating in an otherwise well-functioning cell. We support these experimental results with numerical simulations and an analytical analysis, which show that local separator deformation creates "hot spots" of locally high electrochemical activity that can cause local plating. While this work uses separator deformation as a model mechanical defect, the results are generally applicable to any defect that results in non-uniform ionic currents. Our results demonstrate the essential role of nonuniformities in causing failure in a seemingly well-functioning and welldesigned battery cell, suggesting a new paradigm in which batteries are designed to be resistant to failure in the presence of an assumed pre-existing defect.There are many known lithium-ion cell defects in addition to separator deformation that can result in spatially non-uniform internal operation.6 Some examples of defects in lithium-ion cells include local electrolyte drying, 7 current collector delamination, 7 electrode/separator interface separation, 8 copper plating f...

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An In-Situ Low Temperature-Mechanical Coupling Test System for Battery Materials

Guo

Liu

Yang

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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Coupled mechanical and electrochemical characterization method for battery materials

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Analysis of Lithium‐Ion Battery Models Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Analysis of Lithium‐Ion Battery Models Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

The Effects of Defects on Localized Plating in Lithium-Ion Batteries

An In-Situ Low Temperature-Mechanical Coupling Test System for Battery Materials

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