Coupling a Single Atomic Quantum Bit to a High Finesse Optical Cavity

Mundt, A.B.; Kreuter, A.; Becher, Christoph; Leibfried, D.; Eschner, J.; Schmidt-Kaler, F.; Blatt, R.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.89.103001

Cited by 294 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…5 Several research groups are currently working on the technological challenge of integrating ions and cavities, and the coupling of ions to the field of a high-finesse cavity has already been shown in a range of setups. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Single photons have been produced with a trapped ion inside a cavity, 12,13 and entanglement between single ions and single cavity photons has recently been demonstrated. 14 For a high-fidelity ion-photon quantum interface, the coherent coupling strength must be larger than the ion's rate of spontaneous decay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated fiber-mirror ion trap for strong ion-cavity coupling

Brandstätter

McClung

Schüppert

et al. 2013

Review of Scientific Instruments

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We present and characterize fiber mirrors and a miniaturized ion-trap design developed to integrate a fiber-based Fabry-Perot cavity (FFPC) with a linear Paul trap for use in cavity-QED experiments with trapped ions. Our fiber-mirror fabrication process not only enables the construction of FFPCs with small mode volumes, but also allows us to minimize the influence of the dielectric fiber mirrors on the trapped-ion pseudopotential. We discuss the effect of clipping losses for long FFPCs and the effect of angular and lateral displacements on the coupling efficiencies between cavity and fiber. Optical profilometry allows us to determine the radii of curvature and ellipticities of the fiber mirrors. From finesse measurements, we infer a single-atom cooperativity of up to 12 for FFPCs longer than 200 μm in length; comparison to cavities constructed with reference substrate mirrors produced in the same coating run indicates that our FFPCs have similar scattering losses. We characterize the birefringence of our fiber mirrors, finding that careful fiber-mirror selection enables us to construct FFPCs with degenerate polarization modes. As FFPCs are novel devices, we describe procedures developed for handling, aligning, and cleaning them. We discuss experiments to anneal fiber mirrors and explore the influence of the atmosphere under which annealing occurs on coating losses, finding that annealing under vacuum increases the losses for our reference substrate mirrors. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicate that these losses may be attributable to oxygen depletion in the mirror coating. Special design considerations enable us to introduce a FFPC into a trapped ion setup. Our unique linear Paul trap design provides clearance for such a cavity and is miniaturized to shield trapped ions from the dielectric fiber mirrors. We numerically calculate the trap potential in the absence of fibers. In the experiment additional electrodes can be used to compensate distortions of the potential due to the fibers. Home-built fiber feedthroughs connect the FFPC to external optics, and an integrated nanopositioning system affords the possibility of retracting or realigning the cavity without breaking vacuum.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated fiber-mirror ion trap for strong ion-cavity coupling

Brandstätter

McClung

Schüppert

et al. 2013

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…Already two decades ago laser like systems have been set up in the microwave regime [4,5]. With the tremendous recent progress in laser cooling and micro cavity technology such systems have now indeed been experimentally realized [6,7,8,9] in the optical regime. This requires ultracold atoms trapped in a rather small volume between mirrors of extremely high quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of a single-atom laser including light forces

2005

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We study a single incoherently pumped atom moving within an optical high-Q resonator in the strong coupling regime. Using a semiclassical description for the atom and field dynamics, we derive a closed system of differential equations to describe this coupled atom-field dynamics. For sufficiently strong pumping the system starts lasing when the atom gets close to a field antinode, and the associated light forces provide for self-trapping of the atom. For a cavity mode blue detuned with respect to the atomic transition frequency this is combined with cavity induced motional cooling allowing for long term steady-state operation of such a laser. The analytical results for temperature and field statistics agree well with our earlier predictions based on Quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We find sub-Doppler temperatures that decrease with gain and coupling strength and can even go beyond the limit of passive cavity cooling. Besides demonstrating the importance of light forces in single-atom lasers, this result also gives strong evidence to enhance laser cooling through stimulated emission in resonators.

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“…This requirement is easy to fulfill for artificial atoms bound to a substrate. In ion traps the steep confinement puts relatively low requirements on cooling [9][10][11], while realizations based on neutral atoms in dipole traps often require to prepare the motion close to the vibrational ground state. The latter thus call for efficient cooling techniques, which are robust and sufficiently fast to enable viable quantum technological implementations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetically-induced-transparency control of single-atom motion in an optical cavity

et al. 2014

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We demonstrate cooling of the motion of a single neutral atom confined by a dipole trap inside a high-finesse optical resonator. Cooling of the vibrational motion results from EIT-like interference in an atomic Λ-type configuration, where one transition is strongly coupled to the cavity mode and the other is driven by an external control laser. Good qualitative agreement with the theoretical predictions is found for the explored parameter ranges. Further we demonstrate EIT-cooling of atoms in the dipole trap in free space, reaching the ground state of axial motion. By means of a direct comparison with the cooling inside the resonator, the role of the cavity becomes evident by an additional cooling resonance. These results pave the way towards a controlled interaction between atomic, photonic and mechanical degrees of freedom.

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Coupling a Single Atomic Quantum Bit to a High Finesse Optical Cavity

Cited by 294 publications

References 22 publications

Integrated fiber-mirror ion trap for strong ion-cavity coupling

Integrated fiber-mirror ion trap for strong ion-cavity coupling

Theory of a single-atom laser including light forces

Electromagnetically-induced-transparency control of single-atom motion in an optical cavity

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