“…The application of graphene must be based on the graphene/ substrate structure, and a lot of research has been conducted in recent years, but these studies are mainly focused on graphene/ Si(SiO 2 ) structure (Yoon et al, 2009;Garaj et al, 2010;Baraton et al, 2011b;Wang et al, 2011;Kumari et al, 2014;Lee et al, 2014;Dong et al, 2016;Onishi et al, 2017;Zuppella et al, 2017;Faggio et al, 2019;Ma et al, 2020). Few studies have focused on graphene/optical crystal, but among those that have , the combination of graphene and Lithium Niobate (LiNbO 3 , LN) is one of the most promising structures for development.…”