Coupling Effects Between On-Chip Inductors in the Millimeter-Wave Regime

Abstract

Coupling effects between on-chip spiral inductors operating in the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) regime have been investigated. The trend of the coupling factor as a function of inductor spacing and number of turns is found, and the implications of this for radio-frequency (RF) and mm-wave circuit layout are discussed. A series of coupled circular spiral inductors with different number of turns and distance was fabricated in a 0.18-μm CMOS process and measured up to 65 GHz. A new SPICE-compatible scalable equivalent circuit model for coupled inductors on silicon is also developed and verified by measurements. The model can help RF and mm-wave circuit designers to characterize the coupling effects of neighboring inductors, optimize layout to save expensive chip area, and achieve first-pass silicon success.Index Terms-CMOS, coupled inductors, coupling effects, millimeter-wave (mm-wave) integrated circuit (IC), mutual inductance, radio-frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), scalable model, π-model.

A 65 nm CMOS high efficiency 50 GHz VCO with regard to the coupling effect of inductors

“…Different from Ref. [4], adjacent cascaded inductors are focused upon in this work, corresponding to the implementation in a VCO's LC tank. Figures 1(a) and 1(b) illustrate the micro-photograph of the element and cascaded fabricated spiral inductor.…”