Coupling passive sampling with in vitro bioassays and chemical analysis to understand combined effects of bioaccumulative chemicals in blood of marine turtles

Liu, Jin; Escher, Beate I.; Limpus, Colin J.; Gaus, Caroline

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.055

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…All PDMS to tissue ratios used in the passive sampling experiments were calculated based on the negligible depletion criterion [ 51 ]. Since blood was expected to have a lower concentration of target chemicals compared to solid tissues such as liver [ 35 ], a high PDMS to blood ratio was used to ensure a nearly exhaustive extraction (mass transfer of 60–80%) according to Jin et al [ 23 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This led to a weight gain of the PDMS, which was monitored by weighing the PDMS before and after passive sampling. The co-extracted matrix can be attributed to lipids or lipid-like substances [23]. Different amounts of co-extractives were extracted depending on the tissue sampled.…”

Section: Co-extracted Matrix Components In Pdmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This extraction method was applied to the analysis of environmental contaminants in various complex biota matrices, e.g., fish [13,16,17], eel [18], blubber [19,20], blood plasma [21], urine [22], and whole blood [22,23]. HOCs are selectively taken up by the PDMS, because only uncharged molecules are able to diffuse into the polymer, whereas the uptake of proteins, salts, or metals is hindered [23]. Thus, equilibrium passive sampling with PDMS results in less co-extracted material compared to raw extracts of traditional solvent extraction methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analytical results are severely affected and time-intensive maintenance of the GC system and ion source has to be conducted. Although sample extracts contain only small amount of co-extracted matrix, there is still a need of extract purification, typically by the addition of sulfuric acid in order to digest lipids followed by further treatment using a Florisil® column with drying agents for elimination of water [13,19,23,28]. If POPs like PCBs are analyzed, which are not degraded by the treatment with sulfuric acid, no severe loss of these analytes occurs [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equilibrium passive sampling with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) can be applied to complex biota matrices [ 13 ] without altering the mixture composition, including all HOCs [ 14 , 15 ]. This extraction method was applied to the analysis of environmental contaminants in various complex biota matrices, e.g., fish [ 13 , 16 , 17 ], eel [ 18 ], blubber [ 19 , 20 ], blood plasma [ 21 ], urine [ 22 ], and whole blood [ 22 , 23 ]. HOCs are selectively taken up by the PDMS, because only uncharged molecules are able to diffuse into the polymer, whereas the uptake of proteins, salts, or metals is hindered [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct sample introduction GC-MS/MS for quantification of organic chemicals in mammalian tissues and blood extracted with polymers without clean-up

et al. 2020

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Solvent extracts of mammalian tissues and blood contain a large amount of co-extracted matrix components, in particular lipids, which can adversely affect instrumental analysis. Clean-up typically degrades non-persistent chemicals. Alternatively, passive sampling with the polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been used for a comprehensive extraction from tissue without altering the mixture composition. Despite a smaller fraction of matrix being co-extracted by PDMS than by solvent extraction, direct analysis of PDMS extracts was only possible with direct sample introduction (DSI) GC-MS/MS, which prevented co-extracted matrix components entering the system. Limits of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 4 to 20 pg μL−1 ethyl acetate (PDMS extract) for pesticides and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The group of organophosphorus flame retardants showed higher LOQs up to 107 pg μL−1 due to sorption to active sites at the injection system. Intraday precision ranged between 1 and 10%, while the range of interday precision was between 1 and 18% depending on the analyte. The method was developed using pork liver, brain, and fat as well as blood and was then applied to analyze human post-mortem tissues where polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as well as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and DDT metabolites were detected.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Co-extracted Matrix Components In Pdmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct sample introduction GC-MS/MS for quantification of organic chemicals in mammalian tissues and blood extracted with polymers without clean-up

et al. 2020

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Removing Disturbing Matrix Constituents from Biota Extracts from Total Extraction and Silicone‐Based Passive Sampling

Muz

Rojo-Nieto

Jahnke

2021

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Contaminant analysis in biota extracts can be hampered by matrix interferences caused by, e.g., co-extracted lipids that compromise the quality of the analytical data and require frequent maintenance of the analytical instruments. In this study we aimed to develop and validate a straightforward, robust and reproducible cleanup method with acceptable recoveries for diverse compound classes with a wide range of This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Accepted Articlephysico-chemical properties representative of pollutant screening in biota extracts using gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). We compared Oasis PRiME HLB cartridges, Agilent Captiva EMR-Lipid cartridges and "Freeze-Out" with salmon lipids spiked with 113 target chemicals. The EMR-Lipid cartridges provided extracts with low matrix effects at reproducible recoveries of the multi-class target analytes (93 ± 9% and 95 ± 7% for low and high lipid amounts, respectively). EMR-Lipid cartridges were further tested with spiked pork lipids submitted to total extraction or silicone-based passive sampling. Reproducible recoveries were achieved and matrix residuals were largely removed as demonstrated gravimetrically for both types of extracts. Ion suppression of halogenated compounds was not as efficiently removed by the clean-up of total and silicone-based extracts of pork lipids as for the salmon lipids. However, the samples with clean-up provided better instrument robustness than without clean-up. Hence, EMR-Lipid cartridges were shown to be efficient as a clean-up method in multi-class monitoring of biota samples and open up new possibilities as a suitable clean-up method for silicone extracts in biota passive sampling studies using GC-HRMS.

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The Eco‐Exposome Concept: Supporting an Integrated Assessment of Mixtures of Environmental Chemicals

Scholz

Nichols

Escher

et al. 2021

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Organisms are exposed to ever-changing complex mixtures of chemicals over the course of their lifetime. The need to more comprehensively describe this exposure and relate it to adverse health effects has led to formulation of the exposome concept in human toxicology. Whether this concept has utility in the context of environmental hazard and risk assessment has not been discussed in detail. In this Critical Perspective, we propose-by analogy to the human exposometo define the eco-exposome as the totality of the internal exposure (anthropogenic and natural chemicals, their biotransformation products or adducts, and endogenous signaling molecules that may be sensitive to an anthropogenic chemical exposure) over the lifetime of an ecologically relevant organism. We describe how targeted and nontargeted chemical analyses and bioassays can be employed to characterize this exposure and discuss how the adverse outcome pathway concept could be used to link this exposure to adverse effects. Available methods, their limitations, and/or requirement for improvements for practical application of the eco-exposome concept are discussed. Even though analysis of the eco-exposome can be resource-intensive and challenging, new approaches and technologies make this assessment increasingly feasible. Furthermore, an improved understanding of mechanistic relationships between external chemical exposure(s), internal chemical exposure(s), and biological effects could result in the development of proxies, that is, relatively simple chemical and biological measurements that could be used to complement internal exposure assessment or infer the internal exposure when it is difficult to measure.

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Coupling passive sampling with in vitro bioassays and chemical analysis to understand combined effects of bioaccumulative chemicals in blood of marine turtles

Cited by 30 publications

References 44 publications

Direct sample introduction GC-MS/MS for quantification of organic chemicals in mammalian tissues and blood extracted with polymers without clean-up

Direct sample introduction GC-MS/MS for quantification of organic chemicals in mammalian tissues and blood extracted with polymers without clean-up

Removing Disturbing Matrix Constituents from Biota Extracts from Total Extraction and Silicone‐Based Passive Sampling

The Eco‐Exposome Concept: Supporting an Integrated Assessment of Mixtures of Environmental Chemicals

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